// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
        void setup() {
          // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
          pinMode(1, OUTPUT);
        }

        // the loop function runs over and over again forever
        void loop() {
          digitalWrite(1, HIGH);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
          delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
          digitalWrite(1, LOW);    // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
          delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
        }

Below, you will find the videoshowing the PCB board blinking.

New PCB Board Design

While programming the board, so many issues came up, especially with the TFT LCD screen I purchased for the project. This time around, it was not my fault. The manufacturers labeled the LCD as an I2C communication. Meanwhile, it actually uses SPI. Well, cheap stuffs has a funny way of equalizing the money saved with stress. So with the help of my instructor, we hacked the board so as to proceed with the test.

Another issue that arose, which also contributed to the redesigning of the PCB was that I used a resistor in order to reduce the voltage received by the LCD screen from 5V to 3.3V. I later learnt that a voltage regulator (3.3V) is the ideal option. Upon review, we also discovered that the voltage regulator would no longer be useful, since the Raspberry Pi Zero also supplies 3.3V. So I basically just removed the 1K Ohm resistor and connected the VCC of the LCD to the 3.3V slot of the Raspberry Pi Zero.

In addition, I confused the RES written on the LCD to Reset, which I prematurely connected to the RESET port of the chip. During the test, it became apparent that this shouldn't have been done in the first place. So I twisted my own ears and modified the design to solve the issues mentioned here.

Lastly, I included a power switch so as to switch on and off the device.

The picture below represent the new PCB design of the board.

New FabOMeter Case

Modification 1: After modifying and testing the components. I then finalized the CAD design for the housing of the device. Below, you can find the new case. So I can now proceed to 3D printing of the case.

Modification 2: After printing and testing the design modified above. I realized a lot could be improved on the CAD design. So I made some minor modifications to the design. This can be found here.

Modification 3: After presenting the project on the 29th of July 2020. I noticed the design could really be optimized. So optimizing it was exactly what I set my mind to achieve.

Snapping Button. So after this, I also made the vice to control the push button a snapping one. This design can also be found and also downloaded from the illustration below.

Coding

With the help of my instructor, I wrote the software program for the device in three phases. Phasial coding makes it easier to solve problems and get a good code.

Phase 1

I started by first attaching the sensors (MLX90614 Temperature sensor and the VL53L0X Time of Flight Sensor), and the limit switch to ensure that they are working properly.

        // Library for Time of Flight
        #include "Adafruit_VL53L0X.h"
        #include 

          // Library for Temperature sensor
          #include 

            boolean DiodeStatus;
            boolean BuzzerStatus;
            boolean LimitStatus;

            int LimitSwitch = 21;  //This assigns port 27 for the limit switch
            int LaserDiode = 28;  //This assigns port 17 for the laser diode
            int DiodeSwitch = 25; //This assigns port 20 for the laser diode's switch
            int BuzzSwitch = 24; //This assigns port 21 for the Buzzer switch
            int Buzzer = 12;  //This assigns port 30 for the piezo buzzer
            int LED = 1; //This assigns port 5 for the LED

            Adafruit_MLX90614 mlx = Adafruit_MLX90614();
            Adafruit_VL53L0X lox = Adafruit_VL53L0X();

            VL53L0X_RangingMeasurementData_t measure;

            void setup() {

              // put your setup code here, to run once:
              Serial.begin(9600);
              Serial.println("Adafruit MLX90614 test");

              pinMode(LimitSwitch,INPUT_PULLUP);
              pinMode(BuzzSwitch,INPUT);
              pinMode(DiodeSwitch,INPUT);
              pinMode(LaserDiode,OUTPUT);
              pinMode(Buzzer,OUTPUT);
              pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);

              BuzzerStatus = false;
              DiodeStatus = false;
              LimitStatus = false;

              mlx.begin(); //Starts the Temperature sensor

              // wait until serial port opens for native USB devices
              if (!lox.begin()) {
                Serial.println(F("Failed to boot VL53L0X"));
                while (1);
              }
              delay(1);

              // power
              Serial.println(F("VL53L0X API Simple Ranging example\n\n"));

            }

            void loop(){
              // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

              LimitStatus = digitalRead(LimitSwitch);
              BuzzerStatus = digitalRead(BuzzSwitch);
              DiodeStatus = digitalRead(DiodeSwitch);

              Serial.println(LimitStatus);
              Serial.println("Test");

              while (LimitStatus == false) {

                //Control of the IR Sensor
                Serial.println("Initialize sensor!");
                Serial.print("Room Temperature = "); Serial.print(mlx.readAmbientTempC());
                Serial.print("*C\tObject = ");
                Serial.println(mlx.readObjectTempC()); //remove the ln infront of println
                Serial.println("*C");
                Serial.print("Room Temperature = "); Serial.print(mlx.readAmbientTempF());
                Serial.print("*F\tObject = "); Serial.print(mlx.readObjectTempF()); Serial.println("*F");

                //Control of the Time of Flight
                Serial.print("Reading a measurement... ");
                lox.rangingTest(&measure, false); // pass in 'true' to get debug data printout!

                if (measure.RangeStatus != 4) {  // phase failures have incorrect data
                  Serial.print("Distance (mm): "); Serial.println(measure.RangeMilliMeter);

                }

                else {
                  Serial.println(" out of range ");
                }

                LimitStatus = true;
              }

            }

Phase 2 (Arduino Programming)

Upon the successful implementation of the first phase, I proceeded to the second phase which is to attach and program the switches for the buzzer and Laser Diode. The code is appended below.

        // Library for Time of Flight
        #include "Adafruit_VL53L0X.h"
        #include 

                // Library for Temperature sensor
                #include 

                boolean DiodeStatus;
                boolean BuzzerStatus;
                boolean LimitStatus;

                int LimitSwitch = 21;  //This assigns port 27 for the limit switch
                int LaserDiode = A4;  //This assigns port 17 for the laser diode
                int DiodeSwitch = A0; //This assigns port 20 for the laser diode's switch
                int BuzzSwitch = A1; //This assigns port 21 for the Buzzer switch
                int Buzzer = 12;  //This assigns port 30 for the piezo buzzer
                int LED = 1; //This assigns port 5 for the LED

                Adafruit_MLX90614 mlx = Adafruit_MLX90614();
                Adafruit_VL53L0X lox = Adafruit_VL53L0X();

                VL53L0X_RangingMeasurementData_t measure;

                void setup() {

                  // put your setup code here, to run once:
                  Serial.begin(9600);
                  Serial.println("Adafruit MLX90614 test");

                  pinMode(LimitSwitch,INPUT_PULLUP);
                  pinMode(BuzzSwitch,INPUT_PULLUP);
                  pinMode(DiodeSwitch,INPUT_PULLUP);
                  pinMode(LaserDiode,OUTPUT);
                  pinMode(Buzzer,OUTPUT);
                  pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);

                  BuzzerStatus = false;
                  DiodeStatus = false;
                  LimitStatus = false;

                  mlx.begin(); //Starts the Temperature sensor

                  // wait until serial port opens for native USB devices
                  if (!lox.begin()) {
                    Serial.println(F("Failed to boot VL53L0X"));
                    while (1);
                  }
                    delay(1);

                  // power
                  Serial.println(F("VL53L0X API Simple Ranging example\n\n"));

                }

                void loop(){
                  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

                  LimitStatus = digitalRead(LimitSwitch);

                  //Turning the pushbutton to an On and off switch for the buzzer
                  if (digitalRead(BuzzSwitch) == LOW) {
                    Serial.println("Buzzer Working");
                    if (BuzzerStatus == true) {
                      BuzzerStatus = false;

                    }
                    else {
                      BuzzerStatus = true;
                    }
                    delay(500);
                    }

                    //Turning the pushbutton to an On and off switch for the Laser Diode
                   if (digitalRead(DiodeSwitch) == LOW) {
                    Serial.println("Diode Working");
                    if (DiodeStatus == true) {
                      DiodeStatus = false;
                    }
                    else {
                      DiodeStatus = true;
                    }
                    delay(500);
                    }


                  //Serial.println(LimitStatus);
                  Serial.println("Test");
                  Serial.println(BuzzerStatus);
                  Serial.println(DiodeStatus);

                  if (LimitStatus == true) {
                    digitalWrite(LaserDiode, LOW);
                  }

                  while (LimitStatus == false) {

                    //Control of the IR Sensor
                    Serial.println("Initialize sensor!");
                    Serial.print("Room Temperature = "); Serial.print(mlx.readAmbientTempC());
                    Serial.print("*C\tObject = ");
                    Serial.println(mlx.readObjectTempC()); //remove the ln infront of println
                    Serial.println("*C");
                    Serial.print("Room Temperature = "); Serial.print(mlx.readAmbientTempF());
                    Serial.print("*F\tObject = "); Serial.print(mlx.readObjectTempF()); Serial.println("*F");

                  //Control of the Time of Flight
                  Serial.print("Reading a measurement... ");
                  lox.rangingTest(&measure, false); // pass in 'true' to get debug data printout!

                  if (measure.RangeStatus != 4) {  // phase failures have incorrect data
                    Serial.print("Distance (mm): "); Serial.println(measure.RangeMilliMeter);
                  }

                  else {
                    Serial.println(" out of range ");
                  }

                  if (DiodeStatus == false) {

                    digitalWrite(LaserDiode, HIGH);
                  }
                  else {
                    digitalWrite(LaserDiode, LOW);
                  }

                  if (BuzzerStatus == false) {
                    tone(Buzzer, 1000,500);
                    delay(500);
                    noTone(Buzzer);
                  }
                  else {
                    //noTone(Buzzer);
                  }
                     LimitStatus = true;
                  }

                  }
                

Phase 3 (Arduino Programming _ LCD)

This is the last phase of the Arduino programming part. Here, the LCD display would be programmed. Before I was using the standard ST7735 library to program the chip. However, this could not communicate successfully with ATMEGA1284P, so we switched to the good library from Adafruit . This now did the magic. It was even clearer than I had expected.

Do not forget to change the pins of the Adafruit setup to the Arduino compatible pins. Please see the picture below.

To connect the LCD, please follow the picture below, but do not forget that the I2C connection is an intentional error made by the manufacturer, probably to increase their sales. The ral connection is SPI not I2C. Also, the BLK should be connected to VCC.

Working in phases has been really helpful. It is a divide and conquer strategy. Below you will find the code of the fully functional device, which also displays the status of the Buzzer and the Laser diode as soon as the device is switched on.

        /*
          Project Name: FABOMETER
          Developed By: Babasile Daniel Oladele-Emmanuel
          Instructor: Daniele Ingrassia
          Extra Support: Jorge Navarette Montalvo
          Extra Support: Ibrahim Barmacksiz

          This project was developed in completion of Fab Academy 2020. The idea came as a little response to the global pandemic (COVID-19).
          This code contains the fully functioning programme for the FabOMeter.
          FabOMeter is somewhat a smart Infrared Thermometer. It can measure the temperature and the distance between the object and the sensor for accurate reading.
          It is also enabled with a Buzzer and Raspberry Pi Zero to provide a data gathering funtionality for the device.
          */


          // Library for Time of Flight
          #include "Adafruit_VL53L0X.h"
          #include 

          // Library for Temperature sensor
          #include 

          #include     // Core graphics library
          #include  // Hardware-specific library for ST7735
          #include  // Hardware-specific library for ST7789
          #include 

          #if defined(ARDUINO_FEATHER_ESP32) // Feather Huzzah32
            #define TFT_CS         14
            #define TFT_RST        15
            #define TFT_DC         32

          #elif defined(ESP8266)
            #define TFT_CS         4
            #define TFT_RST        16
            #define TFT_DC         5

          #else
            // For the breakout board, you can use any 2 or 3 pins.
            // These pins will also work for the 1.8" TFT shield.
            #define TFT_CS        A7 // Port 31 on the chip on ATMega1284 is assigned for CS
            #define TFT_RST        6 // I changed the Arduino RESET pin MISO on the chip
            #define TFT_DC        A6 // Port 30 on the chip is assigned for CS
          #endif

          // For 1.44" and 1.8" TFT with ST7735 use:
          Adafruit_ST7735 tft = Adafruit_ST7735(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST);

          boolean DiodeStatus;
          boolean BuzzerStatus;
          boolean LimitStatus;

          int LimitSwitch = 21;  //This assigns port 27 for the limit switch
          int LaserDiode = A4;  //This assigns port 17 for the laser diode
          int DiodeSwitch = A0; //This assigns port 20 for the laser diode's switch
          int BuzzSwitch = A1; //This assigns port 21 for the Buzzer switch
          int Buzzer = 12;  //This assigns port 30 for the piezo buzzer
          int LED = 1; //This assigns port 5 for the LED

          Adafruit_MLX90614 mlx = Adafruit_MLX90614();
          Adafruit_VL53L0X lox = Adafruit_VL53L0X();

          VL53L0X_RangingMeasurementData_t measure;

          void setup() {

           // This is used to setup the LCD

            //The Serial communication is not needed, but I left it here just in case one wants to troubleshoot using the serial port.
            Serial.begin(9600);
            Serial.println("Adafruit MLX90614 test");


            // Use this initializer if using a 1.8" TFT screen:
            tft.initR(INITR_BLACKTAB);      // Init ST7735S chip, black tab

            // put your setup code here, to run once:

            pinMode(LimitSwitch,INPUT_PULLUP);
            pinMode(BuzzSwitch,INPUT_PULLUP);
            pinMode(DiodeSwitch,INPUT_PULLUP);
            pinMode(LaserDiode,OUTPUT);
            pinMode(Buzzer,OUTPUT);
            pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);

            BuzzerStatus = false;
            DiodeStatus = false;
            LimitStatus = false;

            mlx.begin(); //Starts the Temperature sensor

            // wait until serial port opens for native USB devices
            if (!lox.begin()) {
              Serial.println(F("Failed to boot VL53L0X"));
              while (1);
            }
              delay(1);

            // power
            Serial.println(F("VL53L0X API Simple Ranging example\n\n"));

          }

          void loop(){
            // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:



            LimitStatus = digitalRead(LimitSwitch);

            //Turning the pushbutton to an On and off switch for the buzzer
            if (digitalRead(BuzzSwitch) == LOW) {
              Serial.println("Buzzer Working");
              if (BuzzerStatus == true) {
                BuzzerStatus = false;
              }
              else {
                BuzzerStatus = true;
              }
              delay(500);
              }

              if (BuzzerStatus == false) {
                //Displays the status of the Buzzer
              tft.setCursor(5, 100);
              tft.setTextSize(1);
              tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_GREEN);
              tft.println("Buzzer ON");
              }else {
                //Displays the status of the Buzzer
                tft.setCursor(5, 100);
                tft.setTextSize(1);
                tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_BLUE);
                tft.println("Buzzer OFF");
              }

              //Turning the pushbutton to an On and off switch for the Laser Diode
             if (digitalRead(DiodeSwitch) == LOW) {
              Serial.println("Diode Working");

              //Displays the status of the Diode
              tft.setCursor(5, 110);
              tft.setTextSize(1);
              tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_GREEN);
              tft.println("Diode ON");
              if (DiodeStatus == true) {
                DiodeStatus = false;
              }
              else {
                DiodeStatus = true;
              }
              delay(500);
              }
              if (DiodeStatus == false) {
                //Displays the status of the Diode
              tft.setCursor(5, 110);
              tft.setTextSize(1);
              tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_GREEN);
              tft.println("Diode ON");
              } else {
                //Displays the status of the Diode
              tft.setCursor(5, 110);
              tft.setTextSize(1);
              tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_BLUE);
              tft.println("Diode OFF");
              }

            //The Serial communication is not needed, but I left it here just in case one wants to troubleshoot using the serial port.
            Serial.println("Test");
            Serial.println(BuzzerStatus);
            Serial.println(DiodeStatus);

            if (LimitStatus == true) {
              digitalWrite(LaserDiode, LOW);
            }

            while (LimitStatus == false) {

              //Control of the IR Sensor
              Serial.println("Initialize sensor!");
              Serial.print("Room Temperature = "); Serial.print(mlx.readAmbientTempC());
              Serial.print("*C\tObject = ");
              Serial.println(mlx.readObjectTempC()); //remove the ln infront of println
              Serial.println("*C");
              Serial.print("Room Temperature = "); Serial.print(mlx.readAmbientTempF());
              Serial.print("*F\tObject = "); Serial.print(mlx.readObjectTempF()); Serial.println("*F");

              tft.setTextWrap(false);
              tft.fillScreen(ST77XX_BLACK);
              tft.setCursor(5, 20);
              tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_GREEN);
              tft.setTextSize(2);
              tft.println("FABOMETER");
              tft.setCursor(5, 35);
              tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_WHITE);
              tft.setTextSize(2);
              tft.println("Reading...");
              tft.setCursor(5, 55);

              //This piece of code changes the color of the text on the display based on the temperature. The reason is to flag the person taking the measurement in case the person being measured has high fever.
              if (mlx.readObjectTempC() < 38) {
                tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_GREEN);
                tft.setTextSize(3);
                tft.print(mlx.readObjectTempC());
                tft.setTextSize(1);
                tft.print("*");
                tft.setTextSize(2);
                tft.println("C");
              }
              else {
                tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_BLUE);
                tft.setTextSize(3);
                tft.print(mlx.readObjectTempC());
                tft.setTextSize(1);
                tft.print("*");
                tft.setTextSize(2);
                tft.println("C");
              }
            //tft.print(mlx.readObjectTempF()); tft.println("*F");

            //Control of the Time of Flight
            Serial.print("Reading a measurement... ");
            lox.rangingTest(&measure, false); // pass in 'true' to get debug data printout!

            if (measure.RangeStatus != 4) {  // phase failures have incorrect data
              Serial.print("Distance (mm): "); Serial.println(measure.RangeMilliMeter);
              tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_GREEN);
              tft.setCursor(5, 80);
              tft.setTextSize(1); tft.print("Distance (mm): ");
              tft.setTextSize(2); tft.println(measure.RangeMilliMeter);
            }
            else {
              Serial.println(" out of range ");
              tft.setTextSize(2);
              tft.println(" out of range ");
            }

            if (DiodeStatus == false) {
              digitalWrite(LaserDiode, HIGH);
            }
            else {
              digitalWrite(LaserDiode, LOW);
            }

            if (BuzzerStatus == false) {
              tone(Buzzer, 1000,500);
              delay(500);
              noTone(Buzzer);
            }
            else {
               /* */
              }
               LimitStatus = true;
            }

          }

Now that the Arduino program has been fully developed. I will proceed to working on the interface of the Raspberry Pi Zero. This will enable the data gathering analysis. However, I have not decided on the type of data to collect. I think knowing the location where the measurement was taken and the time it was taken would be highly useful for tracking and tracing purposes.

Phase 4 (Data Gathering)

The code and platform for the Raspberry Pi will be uploaded below.

I bought a Banana Pi Zero for this project. However, their documentation is so poorly done. After cracking and grinding for a long time. I finally got the Armbian OS installed on the Banana Pi. The Armbian OS can be downloaded from this link LINK.

For want of time, I decided to suspend the data analytics part of the project till I can get a Raspberry Pi or make a data analytics component myself.

Assembly

After the successful implementation of phase 1 to 3, I proceeded to assembling the electronics in the case. To get up to this point, I made series of modifications which are depicted in the CAd drawings represented above. So the final design (at least for now) has a transparent cover which shows the content of the device. Therefore, this phase represents the assembly process of the device. This will be depicted using various pictures as well as little explanation here and there.

So the first thing I did was to connect the electronics components to the electronic board. This can be found in the pictures below.

After corresponding this to the electronics, then I proceeded with the assembly of the electronics in the housing case.

Case - First Attempt

A lot happened in the process, which I would like to document in this phase. First, I tried out the first design of the CAd, but it was a little better than useless.

Case - Second Attempt

So after this, I decided to use my brain more effectively. So I went back to work and modified the design then I made a sizable progress. At least it was useful enough for me to present the project on the day apportioned for me to do that.

In case you are wondering the problem with this assembling, let me come clean how show you the silly mistake I made. As can be seen in the picture below, I did not think about how to screw or attach the uüpper part of the LCD to the case. This made the job looked less than something from Wakanda. Coupled with some other silly miscalculations on the switch and other areas.

So I decided to leave it till I am done defending my PhD thesis. I also had to finish my John Maxwell Leadership certification program. Father 'Time' was really not on my side. Below you will find a pictorial depiction of what my final project looked like as at July 27, 2020.

That does not look bad for a silly mistake maker like me. Well, one thing my time at FabLab has taught me is that, 'Mistakes are very much welcome in FabLabs', and one should not be afraid of making mistakes. On the contrary, mistakes should be celebrated, as long as one learns vital lessons from it.

The video shows the functional test made during this attempt.

Case - Third Attempt

So upon the successful defense of my thesis, Which means I can now be called Dr. Babasile Daniel or a Life Coach!, I decided to go back to work before acute laziness gets the best of me. I heeded the advise of my instructor t make the top out of a transparent component to show the interior of the device.

Case - Laser Cut

So, like a good student of an impeccable instructor, I cut the transparent cover using a 3mm plexi glass. For information on the settings used for the laser cutting part of this job, please consult the assignment done on Week 3.

So I made a 2D design on Corel Draw. Which I then proceeded to the laser cutter to cut it.

As can be seen from the picture below, I also made a holding fram for the device, which I also cut out at the same time I was cutting the transparent cover for the device.

Below is what the picture of the laser cut job looks like.

Upon the satisfaction with the cleanliness of the design, I proceeded with the assembling of the components in the modified design.

During this modification phase, I also thought of using a new tactile switch as shown in the picture below.

However, I concluded against such venture since I only have one electronic board. So in the future, I will definitely give that a try. But for now, we continue with the assembly of the device.

After all these gymnastics, I checked to see if the components are still functioning as intended. I basically switched the device ON.

I know it looked like some James Bond 007 stuff. But I was averagely satisfied with my progress. Which means there is always room for improvement.

Case - 3D Printing

To print the case of the device, I used Ultimaker Extended 2+, using the settings used in Week 5. Please consult the appended link to see the settings. Below you can find the picture of the printing.

Upon my satisfaction, then I proceeded with making a functional test to ascertain that the device works after enclosing everything. So I did series of test using different temperatures. This will be depicted with the videos embedded below.

Quality Test

Below is the video of the first functional test done on the new assembled device.

Then I made a test to read my body temperature. Well, it is COVID19 season, so you cannot be too sure.

When I noticed my body temperature was ideal. I now made extra test with the device. This is depicted in the video below.

Presentation Video and Slide

You can find the picture of the presentation presented on the 29th of July HERE.

The video presented on this day can be seen HERE

Future Modification

Since I know without pretence that I could have done better with the project, I list here areas through which the project can be improved.

Final Words - Lessons Learnt

The major lesson I learnt from the painful and lovely Fab Academy journey is that Everything is possible to those who are willing to bravely pursue their growth plan.

My Fab Academy Journey was loaded with so many challenges. First with COVID19, then with malfunctioning machineries such as the giant CNC machine at my lab, wastage of money, and personal investment of my personal funds in solving incumbent issues. However, instead of these issues making a chicken soup out of me, it only refined my determination to accomplish my goals of being a certified FabLab Manager.

Was it easy or conducive? Of course, NOT.