Smart Livestock Management
Smart Livestock Management
The Astro AI digital multimeter was used to measure voltage, current, and resistance in electronic circuits and devices, helping diagnose faults, test batteries, and verify correct voltage levels. We connected the probes properly and used the multimeter to read voltage in ohms, observing measurements in a 5V circuit. The experiments included testing red and blue LEDs with a breadboard setup, where we analyzed forward voltage differences. The blue LED required a higher voltage than the red, demonstrating how resistance affects current flow and LED brightness. Using an oscilloscope, we visualized voltage fluctuations in an Arduino-controlled LED circuit, observing square waves due to rapid on-off switching. While we did not use transistors, we noted that MOSFETs are preferred over BJTs in many applications for their efficiency and ability to precisely control current. These experiments enhanced our understanding of circuit components and measurement tools.
First, we installed the fab library at this file location.
In order to have the symbols from the fab library actually show up, we clicked Preferences > Manage Symbol Libraries.
Click the plus button at the bottom, and put in the fab symbol library (fab.kicad_sym). MAKE SURE YOUR NICKNAME IS 'fab' WITH A !!!!LOWERCASE!!!! 'f'!!!!! Your symbol library won't actually import correctly if not.
Next, we'll move onto the foorprint library. Click Preferences > Manage Footprint Libraries.
Follow the steps shown in red in the image. Use fab.pretty. Again, MAKE SURE YOUR NICKNAME IS 'fab' WITH A !!!!LOWERCASE!!!! 'f'!!!!! Your footprint library won't actually import correctly if not.
Finally, go to Preferences > Configure Paths
Press the '+' button, and add 'Name' FAB with the path including kicad-master. Click 'ok'. We should be fully set to start designing with the PCB and schematic editors.
The basic components for the circuit we made in class.
How to change the value of a component (Symbol Properties, left menu).
The finished circuit in schematic. We can switch to PCB by pressing the button circled in red.
In PCB, note that we can make the line width bigger by clicking Track: use netclass width > Edit Pre-defined Sizes...
To feed thermal camera data into the ESP-32. ESP-32 can then use an open source AI image analysis program to give us an output as to the identity of a living organism.
I started off by adding the components to the schematic. Originally, I didn't know I would only need the heat sensor breakout board and the ESP-32.
All of the components I had before realizing the FLIR heat camera was a breakout board (since it's a breakout board, we don't need anything like a regulator or capacitor):
The finished wiring with the correct components and the unnecessary components gone.
The chart I used for determining which wires would be attached to what components. I made this chart myself, but I got basically all my information from here.
To switch from schematic to pcb in KiCad, click Tools > Update PCB From Schematic
However, when I did this, there was a problem importing the Flir Lepton. Apparently, there is no footprint assigned to U2 (the flir lepton). I will show how to fix that basic, common issue below.
As you can see, the camera was not imported, but the ESP-32 was. This means there is no footprint assigned to the flir lepton.
Back in the schematic editor, we'll press Tools > Assign Footprints.
That should take us to this screen. Make sure you've selected the component that is missing the footprint (in my case it's U2).
The footprint to use depends totally on the component which is missing a footprint. For the flir lepton, select Connector_PinHeader_2.54mm in the footprint library section. In the Filtered Footprints, select Connector_PinHeader_2.54mm:PinHeader_2x10_P2.54_Vertical for the flir lepton. Press "apply".
After you've pressed "apply", the footprint should show up to the right of the component. Press 'ok'.
Go back to the PCB editor. As you can see, the error message is now gone.
The Flir Lepton is the component on the left. I'm still not quite sure it looks right?
