3. Computer Aided design

Objectives

• To model (raster, vector, 2D, 3D, render, animate, simulate, …) a possible final project
• To compress images and videos of this week
• and to post a description with design files to my class page

2D Designing

Vector vs raster

vector is a scalable image based on equations which is made up of anchoring dots connected by lines and curves. Because these visuals are not based on pixels, they are known as resolution independent, which makes them infinitely expandable.These graphics are also device-agnostic, meaning their quality is unaffected by the number of dots on a printer or the number of pixels on a screen.

whereas, Pixels, or tiny dots, are used to create raster images, which use colour and tone to create the image. when zoomed pixels appear as small squares in the image.Each image can only have a certain number of pixels; the number of pixels defines the image’s quality. This is referred to as resolution.

How to create a raster image

For creating raster and vector images, there is a wide range of software available. So I only experimented with creating raster and vector images in Photoshop and Illustrator to see what the differences were.

First, I took a photograph of the work desk and copied it to my computer, then I used a brush tool and rectangle tool to draw a stickman on top of the previously imported image in photoshop. And finally exported the raster image.

for downloading file Click here

How to create a vector image

The same image was imported to Illustrator. *Note even though the image is imported to a vector software the image imported will still be in raster formate. Here I used the ellipse rectangle tool and used unio, intersection tools to draw the stick man.

for downloading file Click here

Output

Raw Image

Raster Image

Vector Image

combarison

Priliminary designe of the Final Project

In Inventor 3D, I considered making a little animated representation of my project. I chose this software for modeling because this model has a lot of components and subassemblies, thus I thought of utilizing Autodesk inventor.

Sketching 2D

The first stage in any design is to sketch the 2D drawings, therefore I began sketching the 2D designs for individual parts.

3D Modeling

I created a 3D model of each component of my final project using basic 3D modeling tools such as extrude, sweep, coil, pattern, and others.

Assembling the model

The magnetizing coil, flip disc, and base were first assembled as a sub-assembly for the flipping mechanism. After that, the subassemblies were assembled inside the frame.

Animation/Motion Study

To animate, we must design drives for the constraint in order to control the mobility of the pieces within the assembly. As shown in the figure, click the constraint to be animated and then click on the drive to establish the drive.
Now go to environment on the top ribbon and select inventor studio

Animate the drives to achieve the desired effect.

Rendering

For rendering click on the render animation on the ribbon then select the following setup to get a fast rendered output.

Postproduction

We use sequential images as output for the convenience of rendering to minimize interruptions caused by render failures, thus these files should be processed to make a video to generate the desired output. I used Adobe Premiere Pro for this purpose. import the images to the newly started project then drag it to the timeline export it in H.264 for mp4 formate

Output

for downloading file Click here

3D Designing Softwares Tryout

With prior 3D design knowledge, I experimented with Solidworks, Autodesk Inventor, Fusion 360, and Thinkercad.

Solidworks, Autodesk Inventor, Fusion 360, Thinkercad Respectivly

for downloading solidworks file Click here

for downloading Inventor file Click here

for downloading Fusion 360 file Click here

Rendering Image

Animation

Animation is rendered in lowest posible to reduce the file size.

for downloading file Click here

Simulation

I created a simple L shape support wich supporting a load of 1000N made of stainless steel holded on 2 bolts in fusion 360 and found out that

	Minimum	Maximum
Safety Factor (Per Body)	3.006	15
Von Mises Stress	0.02081 MPa	68.85 MPa
Principal Stress	-26.32 MPa	105.6 MPa
Normal Stress XX	-41.8 MPa	46.26 MPa
Normal Stress YY	-29.52 MPa	39.06 MPa
Normal Stress ZZ	-75.82 MPa	102.6 MPa
Shear Stress XY	-19.44 MPa	19.65 MPa
Shear Stress YZ	-27.23 MPa	25.14 MPa
Shear Stress ZX	-23.52 MPa	24.61 MPa
Equivalent Strain	1.067E-07	0.0004229
Principal Strain	3.244E-08	0.0004874
Normal Strain XX	-0.00009611	0.00009818
Normal Strain YY	-0.0001293	0.0001352
Normal Strain ZZ	-0.0002809	0.0003701
Shear Strain XY	-0.0002406	0.0002433
Shear Strain YZ	-0.0003372	0.0003113
Shear Strain ZX	-0.0002913	0.0003047

for downloading file Click here

for viewing result Click here

Parametric Design

As one of the most concentrated portions of the last class was Parametric Design, I tried designing one elbow pipe joint in Autodesk Inventor with pre-defined parameters.

for downloading file Click here

compressing images and videos

We can reduce the size of the image/video when exporting it from the respective editors by adjusting the settings to get a compressed output for further compression. I used some online tools,  Links to all of the compressors are provided below. I also used Handbrake to compress video without sacrificing quality.

• https://handbrake.fr/downloads.php
• https://www.iloveimg.com/compress-image
• https://ezgif.com/
• https://www.freeconvert.com/video-compressor