Week 3 : Assignment

model (raster, vector, 2D, 3D, render, animate, simulate, ...) a possible final project. and
post final project on your class page

In week 3 we are introduced computer-aided design (CAD). CAD can be divided into 2 parts, 2d design, and 3d design. As per the name, 2d design is something like drawings we do on canvas and drafts which are made in engineering drawings. It's only based on 2 dimensions. In CAD we do 2d drawings in computers. 3d design is one step ahead, it’s the use of computers to make the 3-dimensional prototypes. We can use those models to ideation and prototyping(simulation).

2d drafting on Cad software

2d and 3d work of One component from webpage

We are introduced to many cad tools and told each software has its unique requirements, and this software would be more helpful in their respective field, and in whuch part they are better than any others.

They are numbers of 2d and 3d design but I want to choose software that is new to me (based on the method of operating). I also wanted to research on some key ideas about 3d design which are Generative design concept and script-based cad software (software which uses scripting instead of different features to do different operations).

generative Design

Generative design is a research area in CAD which helps the designer to ideate in a better way, it takes the information of a prototype like load constraints, and operating conditions and presents different models which can satisfy requirements. you can get more information here. Generative design is a research area in CAD which helps the designer to ideate in a better way, it takes the information of a prototype like load constraints, and operating conditions and presents different models which can satisfy requirements. you can get more information here.

Concept of generative design from webpage

Script-based cad software

Script-based cad software is very fast when you have to so the number of jobs in very less amount of time, traditional (history-based) software is very efficient for this type of job because they work on a history tree and take more re-computation time.

References and study for Week 3

This are the articles you may like read to know better in areas of CAD:

Tools I learned This week

Inkscape - 2d vector software
Photoshop – raster
Fusion-360 - Student version For 3d modeling
Autocad – Autocad student version

Inkscape

I started exploring in week 3 with Inkscape. It is open-source software for vector design. It is good for illustrations, graphic design, logo design, and much more. i chose inscape because I wanted to do some work related to logo-design.

Objective

We are going to make beautiful logo done by logos by nick on youtube.

STEP 1 : MAking polygonal

First, make polygonal by polygonal tool and a select number of sides 6 for Hexagonal.

STEP 2 : Making and aligning circle

Now copy the width of polygonal! lock them by the icon shown in the figure. it will maintain the dimension ratio. Now make a circle, press CTRL + SHIFT for a perfect circle, then paste the dimensions of circle's.

Change its color with color plates below.

Now select circle, press SHIFT, and select hexagonal then click vertical-align and horizontal-align tool at sides to make them align at both symmetries of an axis.

STEP 3 : How to substract sketches

Select circle, click path > Duplicate (it will generate  new circle).

Select circle, click path > difference (it will create difference between circle and polygonal).

Select circle, click path > break apart (it will separate entity).

Then go to Path > union (after SHIFT selecting both), colors will become same, in union sketches merges and become one sketch itself.

STEP 4 : How to Clean dots

( optional : if you are getting those dots! just re-select sketch and go to path > break apart, it should work)

STEP 5 : how to convert strokes to path

Align both horizontal and vertically.

click brown polygonal and click lower selection to bottom. it will move the brown polygonal to lowest level.
In this process brown polygonal should remain selected.

now click one color at below. Repeat the same process and give it different color.

STEP 6 : Put a name on logo

Write something.

Edit it! give uniform scale by hold SHIFT and CTRL.

Choose rectangle. change opacity and align it with text. Move it downward by scaling tool.

STEP 7: Tracing image

Import images for logo.

Convert in vector by convert to bitmap. These settings will work, if no try 5,6 colors. Our bull is ready! Blue one is vector. you can put this images on logo.

STEP 8: give some background at photoshop

Here i used Photoshop for presenting. if you want it on good quality i will suggest you to open svg format to photoshop and then convert it on .jpeg

Final

Click to get file in : SVG PSD JPG

Raster Work on The Photoshop

Sometimes we need to edit over Sketches or edit different types of images, then we can use Photoshop software. Photoshop software is for raster editing and illustrator can be used for illustrations and graphic work where dots are on mathematical relationships. The procedure is shown below!

STEP 1 : Importing image

Import image on the photoshop.press CTRL + j for new layer.

STEP 2 : using bucket tool

Click paint bucket for direct painting(it will be little inaccurate).

STEP 3:Adding different colors

Add more colors by bucket tool.

STEP 4 : rectangular tool

Select Rectangular tool from panel. With rectangular tool color will not go outer of border.

STEP 6 : Changing thickness

You can change thickness by small box there.

STEP 7 : individual operations in layer

By turning of the visibility of the background. you can see the individual rectangular here.

Turning off 4 rectangles

STEP 10 : Final image

Converting images into vectors

When you are working on projects, Starting with sketches of concepts gives it a good start. sketches are the simple and effective part of ideation. But sometimes we need to use those sketches in our computer work like explaining clients your product concept, editing some part of your ideas. To do this we can convert these sketches into vector form.

some premium software like illustrator is giving excellent facilities in illustrations and stuff but I decided to go for photoshop and Inkscape. photoshop for clearing the brown-spots and Inkscape because I found it great for previous Logo-design work and I want to know how effective it is for image scanning in being open-source. you will get to learn basics about photoshop too.

Sketches

STEP 1 : Import sketches on photoshop

First import your sketches in photoshop. you will notice one layer panel (written background) on the left. It shows your edition layers. it is very helpful in doing a certain amount of tasks on pictures without affecting Some other work. you will learn more about layers, Click here.

STEP 2 : Use of layers

make new layer by pressing CTRL + J. by this your original picture will be safe for edit if some mistake occur. select that layer , now that layer is working layer ( Active layer).

STEP 3 : Select levels above

Follow these steps to open Color range. Color range will help you to find out brown-spots and you can minimize it. With an eye-dropper tool, you have to find one spot and with that, you can minimize every brown-spot every spot. For more about levels, Click here.

STEP 5 : use of spot healing tool

The new layer added to your layer panel if it is deleted only level effect will eliminate. Click spot healing brush showed in the second image. as the name tells it mixes up the image surface.

You can set values above for Tool.Now clean the spots! You can zoom in by ATL + scroll.

STEP 8:Exporting image for web

I've cleaned my images, After cleaning the images export for web. See the different types of export options.

After selecting "Web option" select quality of image as your need and click save. Our photoshop work is finished norw open images in inkspace.

STEP 10: opening inscape for vectorizing image

give changes if you need , i have give basic idea of inkspace in above tutorial

STEP 11: steps to convert into vector

Follow this path to conver image in Vector form

keep this settings shown above, for your image different color values may needed

now image is converted into vector form, i can paint borders and do more stuff if i want to in vector image

final image:

Final image SVG PSD

yes! looks different. it can look more good if you use scanner or more if more finishing was done on sketches.

Autodesk for Drafting

For 3d modeling of my final modeling, I selected two software's : Autodesk And Fusion 360. I've good experience in cad with Fusion-360, Solidworks, and Rhino. I started with Autodesk. Below are some commands which are used commonly.

STEP 1 : Giving limits

First give limits in Autodesk for draw plain in specific region. Click here, Limit command.

STEP 2 : rectangle tool

Using rectangular tool for making front and top view of dustbin (only outer dimensions). Click here, Rectangle command.

STEP 3 : Layers in autodesk

You can also use layers in Autodesk for more complex drafts. Click here, Layer command.

Path : home > layers > layer properties.

click to New Layer.

if there is a symbol of Snow make it symbol of Sun, it is sign of active layer.

STEP 3d : Contrains and Dimensions

You can give constrains and change dimensions in parameters. Click here, Parametric Drawing and Constraints.

STEP 4 : colors to layers

You can also change color of layer.

STEP 5 : property panel

On left, it is property panel you can open it by command line.

STEP 6 : Dimensions

Here's front view for my dustbin stand. only basic dimensions are given.

STEP 7 : Final image

Autodesk is great but it takes little time to learn. DWG file.

3D modeling in Fusion-360

I have good experience with fusion-360. It is well "FUSION" of Constructive solid modeling, Hard surface modeling, sheet-metal modeling, And simulation. yes, it includes everything and it is cloud-based software so takes minimum space.

I am going to show my step by step modeling process, and highlight important things.

STEP 1 : making dustbin body

In modeling one of the most common things is to create a sketch and extrude or giving it a third dimension. I created a profile sketch of my dustbin in the first one then in the second one I created the third dimension.

STEP 2: Using extrude cut

Just make a normal sketch on the plane of cut like shown in the figure.

STEp 3: making axle support for wheels

Repeating the same, sketch and extrude for making back support for wheels.

STEP 4: How to make wheels

First make a profile of wheel, by using revolve. Revolve is used make circular profile.

Path : create > patterns > circular pattern and click feature option, the select cut operation from timeline.

STEP 5: How to joint components

The wheels are ready! convert bodies in component by right-clicking on their name in Bodies and click create component. To joint the difference components use press J or SHIFT + j.

STEP 7:making hinges

Making hinges for opening.

top-view of dustbin

Back-view of dustbin

Isotropic view

Back-controller of dustbin

Section-view (inside of controller)

Dustbin stand

controller stand making process

Full system

3D Model

The original CAD model can be downloaded Here. File for assembly .f3z file

Renders of Smart-bin

Conclusion

This week I explored a lot, I am familiar with cad software so I got a chance to go deeper, I got time to Learn Photoshop and Inkscape. Also started exploring Autocad and fusion-360 more. in these software's, I love to work with Inkscape more. it is really good software, gives tools similar to premium software in the Free version.