Final Project

Programming

I programmed the Seeed XIAO RP2040 microcontroller in Arduino IDE with a water level sensor and a PIR sensor as inputs, and a servomotor and two LED strips (green and blue) as outputs.

//Fab Academy 2024 - Fab Lab Peru - Maria Angela Mejia
//Code for Fab&Plant PCB with a XIAO RP2040

#include < Servo.h>

#define WATER_SENSOR A0
#define PIR_SENSOR D1
#define BLUE_LED D9
#define GREEN_LED D10
#define SERVO_PIN A3

Servo servoMotor;

void setup() {
pinMode(WATER_SENSOR, INPUT);
pinMode(PIR_SENSOR, INPUT);
pinMode(BLUE_LED, OUTPUT);
pinMode(GREEN_LED, OUTPUT);

servoMotor.attach(SERVO_PIN);

//LED strips are initially turned off
digitalWrite(BLUE_LED, HIGH);
digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, HIGH);  
}

void loop() {
// Read sensors
int humidityValue = analogRead(WATER_SENSOR);
int pirState = digitalRead(PIR_SENSOR);

// If humidity is less than 840 and motion is detected, turn on blue LED
if (humidityValue < 840 && pirState == HIGH) {
digitalWrite(BLUE_LED, LOW);
digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, HIGH);
// Ensure servo motor is off
servoMotor.write(0);
} 
// If humidity is 840 or higher and motion is detected, turn on green LED
else if (humidityValue >= 840 && pirState == HIGH) {
digitalWrite(BLUE_LED, HIGH);
digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, LOW);
// Rotate servo motor if humidity is 840 or higher
servoMotor.write(0);   // Move the servo to 0 degrees
delay(200);           // Wait for less than a second
servoMotor.write(90);  // Move the servo to 90 degrees
delay(200);           // Wait for less than a second
servoMotor.write(180); // Move the servo to 180 degrees
delay(200);           // Wait for less than a second
servoMotor.write(90);  // Move the servo back to 90 degrees
delay(200);           // Wait for less than a second
} 
// If no motion is detected, turn off both LEDs and servo motor
else {
digitalWrite(BLUE_LED, HIGH);
digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, HIGH);
servoMotor.write(0);
  }
}

Debugging Fab&Plant PCB

As part of the debugging process, I tested the board, as well as the inputs and outputs, separately.

Testign the Board

//Fab Academy 2024 - Fab Lab Peru - Maria Angela Mejia
//Code for blink LEDs and test the output pins with XIAO RP2040

// Define the pin for the LEDs
const int ledPin1 = D9;
const int ledPin2 = D3;
const int ledPin3 = D10;

// The setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
  // Initialize digital pins ledPin1, ledPin2, and ledPin3 as outputs
  pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ledPin2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ledPin3, OUTPUT);
}

// The loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
  {  
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);       // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
  delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);        // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
  delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
  } {
  digitalWrite(ledPin2, HIGH);       // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
  delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
  digitalWrite(ledPin2, LOW);        // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
  delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
  } {  digitalWrite(ledPin3, HIGH);  // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
  delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
  digitalWrite(ledPin3, LOW);        // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
  delay(1000);                       // wait for a second
  }
}

Debugging Fab&Plant board

Testing the Inputs

The following codes were used in the Arduino IDE to test the water level sensor and the PIR sensor.

//Fab Academy 2024 - Fab Lab Peru - Maria Angela Mejia
//Water sensor code in XIAO RP 2040 in Fab&Plant PCB

// constant
const int sensorPin = A0;

// Function to setup the serial monitor
void setup() {
  // Initialize the serial communication at 9600 baud rate
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

// Function to read the sensor value
void loop() {
  // Read the analog value from the sensor
  int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);

  // Print the sensor value
  Serial.print("Sensor Value: ");
  Serial.print(sensorValue);

  // Delay for 5 seconds before reading again
  delay(5000);
}

//Fab Academy 2024 - Fab Lab Peru - Maria Angela Mejia
//Code for blink LED when motion is detected by PIR sensor connected to XIAO RP2040

int pirPin = D1;
int ledPin = D3;
int pirValue;

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(pirPin, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  pirValue = digitalRead(pirPin);
  digitalWrite(ledPin, pirValue);
}

//Fab Academy 2024 - Fab Lab Peru - Maria Angela Mejia
//Code for PIR sensor (HC-SR501) connected to XIAO RP2040

const int pinPIR = D1;
int pirValue;

void setup() {
  // Start serial communication
  Serial.begin(115200);
  // Configure the PIR sensor pin as input
  pinMode(pinPIR, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
  // Read the state of the PIR sensor
  int pirState = digitalRead(pinPIR);

  // If motion is detected
  if (pirState == HIGH) {
	// Print "movement" message on the serial port
	Serial.println("Movement detected");
  } else {
	// Print "off" message on the serial port
	Serial.println("No movement detected");
  }

  // Wait for a brief period before reading again
delay(1000);
}

Testing the Outputs

The following codes were used in the Arduino IDE to test the servomotor and the LED strips.

//Fab Academy 2024 - Fab Lab Peru - Maria Angela Mejia
//Code for servomotor connected to XIAO RP2040

#include < Servo.h>

#define SERVO_PIN A3

Servo servoMotor;  // Create a servo object to control a servo

void setup() {
  servoMotor.attach(SERVO_PIN);  // Attaches the servo on pin A3 to the servo object
}

void loop() {
  // Move the servo to different positions
  servoMotor.write(0);    // Move the servo to 0 degrees
  delay(1000);            // Wait for 1 second
  servoMotor.write(90);   // Move the servo to 90 degrees
  delay(1000);            // Wait for 1 second
  servoMotor.write(180);  // Move the servo to 180 degrees
  delay(1000);            // Wait for 1 second
}

//Fab Academy 2024 - Fab Lab Peru - Maria Angela Mejia
//Code for smooth transition of LED strips using PWM with XIAO RP2040

// Define the pin for the LED strips
const int ledPin1 = D9;   // Define the pin for blue LED strip
const int ledPin2 = D10;  // Define the pin for green LED strip

// The setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
  // Initialize digital pins ledPin1 and ledPin2 as outputs
  pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ledPin2, OUTPUT);
}

// The loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
  // Gradually increase brightness
  for (int brightness = 0; brightness <= 255; brightness++) {
	analogWrite(ledPin1, brightness);
	analogWrite(ledPin2, brightness);
	delay(15); // Adjust delay for desired transition speed
  }

  // Gradually decrease brightness
  for (int brightness = 255; brightness >= 0; brightness--) {
	analogWrite(ledPin1, brightness);
	analogWrite(ledPin2, brightness);
	delay(15); // Adjust delay for desired transition speed
  }
}

By testing each part of the system separately, I ensured that everything was operational as part of the debugging process.

System Integration

I used the frame itself to integrate all parts of my project. In the center towards the rear side is the board, while towards the front (the face of the product where the plants are located) are the inputs and outputs. The frame closes at the back, leaving only the power cable visible. On the front, the frame is covered with the plants, the icons that communicate the plants' needs to the user, and the surface part of the PIR sensor.

Fab&Plant exterior design

Fab&Plant interior design

Fab&Plant system integration

Fab&Plant

Special Thanks

The learning and work I accomplished during this program would not have been possible without the wise guidance of Professor Neil Gershenfeld and the entire Fab Academy team, especially to the Open Global Time community. Thank you for creating and constantly updating this incredible program. I also want to thank my tutors for their support and guidance throughout this period. Additionally, I am grateful to my colleagues for their support and camaraderie. It has been a pleasant journey with you. Finally, the support and encouragement of my family during this period were essential. Thank you for everything.

Tutors:

• Benito Juarez
• Vaneza Caycho
• Roberto Delgado
• Ulises Gordillo
• Luis Miguel Rodriguez
• Hayashi Mateo
• Michael Hurtado
• Victor Freundt

Fellow students:

• Silvana Espinoza
• Hans Moncca
• Ronal Vilca
• Christian Loayza
• Maryori Vasquez
• Renson Samaniego
• Wilber Giron
• Jose Rodriguez
• Grace Schwan
• Jesus Lucero

Files

• Fab&Plant design in Onshape
• Fab&Plant design file
• Fab&Plant plywood vertical layers file
• Fab&Plant plywood lateral layers file
• Fab&Plant cardboard interior layers file
• Fab&Plant pots file
• Fab&Plant column file
• Fab&Plant servo accessory file
• Fab&Plant servo support file
• Fab&Plant water sensor container file
• Fab&Plant Y connector file
• Fab&Plant PCB support
• Fab&Plant PCB file
• Fab&Plant PCB traces from MODS file
• Fab&Plant icons molds file

Links

• Switch types tutorial 1
• Switch types tutorial 2
• PIR sensor tutorial

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