WEEK 13

Invention, Intellectual Property and Business Models

This week looks very interesting, I hadn't thought about it once I created my final project. We have these tasks:

What is an Invention?

An invention is a research result that potentially can be commercially exploited. The invention can be patented if it meets patent law criteria for patentability. A patent is a form of ownership of the invention (a legal document) that protects the invention and patent holder. It gives the patent holder the right to prevent or allow others to exploit the invention for a limited period, typically 20 years.

What is a Intellectual property?

Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. It refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce. IP is protected in law by, for example, patents, copyrights and trademarks, which enable people to earn recognition or financial benefit from what they invent or create. By striking the right balance between the interests of innovators and the wider public interest, the IP system aims to foster an environment in which creativity and innovation can flourish. Intellectual property encompasses two types of rights:

Industrial property rights

Industrial property rights:

Industrial property takes a range of forms, including patents for inventions, industrial designs (aesthetic creations related to the appearance of industrial products), trademarks, service marks, layout-designs of integrated circuits, commercial names and designations, geographical indications and protection against unfair competition. In some cases, aspects of an intellectual creation, although present, are less clearly defined. The object of industrial property consists of signs conveying information, in particular to consumers, regarding the products and services offered on the market. Protection is directed against unauthorized use of such signs that could mislead consumers, and against misleading practices in general.

The 2 most commonly used industrial property rights are:

Industrial property rights:

Patents

A patent is a form of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, selling, and importing an invention for a limited period of years, in exchange for publishing an enabling public disclosure of the invention. In most countries patent rights fall under civil law and the patent holder needs to sue someone infringing the patent in order to enforce his or her rights. In some industries patents are an essential form of competitive advantage; in others they are irrelevant.

Trademarks

A trademark, is a recognizable sign, design, or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others, although trademarks used to identify services are usually called service marks. The trademark owner can be an individual, business organization, or any legal entity. A trademark may be located on a package, a label, a voucher, or on the product itself. For the sake of corporate identity, trademarks are often displayed on company buildings. It is legally recognized as a type of intellectual property.

Other Intellectual property

Trade secret

A trade secret is a type of intellectual property in the form of a formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern, commercial method, or compilation of information not generally known or reasonably ascertainable by others by which a business can obtain an economic advantage over competitors or customers. In some jurisdictions, such secrets are referred to as confidential information

Contract/NDA

A non-disclosure agreement (NDA) is a legal contract between at least two parties that outlines confidential material, knowledge, or information that the parties wish to share with one another for certain purposes, but wish to restrict access to or by third parties. Doctor–patient confidentiality (physician–patient privilege), attorney–client privilege, priest–penitent privilege, and bank–client confidentiality agreements are examples, often not enshrined in a written contract between the parties.

Copyright:

Copyright is a form of intellectual property that grants the creator of an original creative work an exclusive legal right to determine whether and under what conditions this original work may be copied and used by others, usually for a limited term of years. The exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. A major limitation on copyright on ideas is that copyright protects only the original expression of ideas, and not the underlying ideas themselves. A copyright is a collection of rights that automatically vest to someone who creates an original work of authorship – like a literary work, songs, movies or software. These rights include the right to reproduce the work, to prepare derivative works, to distribute copies, and to perform and display the work publicly.

Open Source License

An open source license is a type of license for computer software and other products that allows you to use, modify, and/or share the source code, blueprint, or design under defined terms and conditions. This allows end users and commercial enterprises to review and modify the source code, model, or design for their own customization, curiosity, or troubleshooting needs. Open source licensed software is mostly available for free, although it doesn't necessarily have to be. Licenses that only permit non-commercial redistribution or modification of the source code for personal use only are generally not considered open source licenses. However, open source licenses may have some restrictions, particularly with respect to the expression of respect for the origin of the software, such as the requirement to preserve the name of the authors and the copyright statement within the code, or the requirement to redistribute the licensed software only under the same license (as in a copyleft license). A popular set of open source software licenses are those approved by the Open Source Initiative (OSI) based on its Open Source Definition (OSD).

here:

Creative Commons

Creative Commons (CC) is an American non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share.The organization has released several copyright-licenses known as Creative Commons licenses free of charge to the public. These licenses allow creators to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or other creators. An easy-to-understand one-page explanation of rights, with associated visual symbols, explains the specifics of each Creative Commons license. Creative Commons licenses do not replace copyright, but are based upon it. They replace individual negotiations for specific rights between copyright owner (licensor) and licensee, which are necessary under an "all rights reserved" copyright management, with a "some rights reserved" management employing standardized licenses for re-use cases where no commercial compensation is sought by the copyright owner. The result is an agile, low-overhead and low-cost copyright-management regime, profiting both copyright owners and licensees[wiki] The image shown below describes about some of th common licenses.

Step 1 : Go to creativecommons.org

Step 2 : Go to 'Share Your Work'.

Step 3 : Scroll down a bit. Read 'Choose a licence' instructions. Click 'Get Started'.

Step 4 : Choose specification that you want under your licence..

Step 5 : Copy the code in the box and paste on your website or code or any digital media.

Now you have Creative Commons licence. You can explore other features on the same website.

here:

Choosing Right Licence

The important thing to know before choosing the license is that you need to know what you want to do with your project/code/design etc. Since my project is inspired to improve activities of people who can't see, it can be used in fabulous community, I decided to go for Creative Commons license. I hope that the project information and file will be used by others for educational and non-commercial purposes.

Income

Now, I'm not preparing a business plan. the public can download from the shared platforms and create their own.

Sharing Platform:

I will be sharing my project in various platforms like GitLab, Fabcloud.