3D modeling in Autocad

For this week’s 3D scanning and printing assignment, I started with AutoCAD 3D modeling. For me, AutoCAD will always be the easiest option when the 3D volume is simple and geometrically controlled. Since I have been working for years in technical drawing and architectural documentation, the transition from 2D plans to 3D solids feels natural.

    One of the main advantages is how intuitive some tools are:

    PressPull, Extrude, Revolve, Union/Subtract, FilletEdge/ChamferEdge

    These commands allow me to quickly transform 2D profiles into solid volumes. The workflow is efficient, precise, and especially useful when working with orthogonal or modular geometries. Switching from 2D drafting to 3D solids is fast, and dimensions remain controlled and accurate — which is important in architecture.

    However, when it comes to exploring more complex or organic forms, AutoCAD becomes less comfortable.

    One of the aspects I don’t like is the interface when rotating and exploring the volume in 3D space. The navigation feels less intuitive compared to more sculptural modeling software. To properly orient the model, I constantly need:

    The visible grid, The UCS (X, Y, Z axes), Orbit controls

    Without clear axes and references, it becomes easy to lose orientation. Because of this, AutoCAD does not feel like the best tool for free volumetric exploration or experimental geometry. For precise, simple volumes → AutoCAD works very well. For spatial exploration and complex morphologies → it may not be the ideal option.

Sketching

After the first 3D modeling tests, I started sketching to rethink the idea. I was developing a vertical “3 in a row” game inspired by Connect Four, but I wanted to connect it with my final project — an interactive wall.

At the beginning, the system had many holes like a traditional game board. Later, I realized I want less perforation and more solid surface. The wall should feel continuous, not empty. So I changed the idea:

  • Instead of inserting pieces, the modules rotate.
  • Each module can turn 180° and has two different sides (for example, two colors).
  • Two unknown players stand on opposite sides of the wall.
  • When one person rotates a piece, the other person sees the change.

This creates indirect interaction — no direct contact, but still communication through the wall. Sketching helped me simplify the system and focus on the module logic before moving to prototyping and 3D printing.

    I found that modifying existing elements in the template was manageable, but writing new lines of code from scratch required more effort. This experience reinforced why choosing an organized template was so crucial—it provided a solid framework to build upon while I familiarized myself with HTML/CSS syntax.

3D Printing Assignment

The volume of the cut sphere was modeled in Rhino using the Sphere tool to generate the base geometry and the Boolean Difference command to subtract volumes and obtain the desired form. The wall surface, where the repetition of the spheres will be applied, was start modeling in Grasshopper. Using parametric design will allow us to control the position, spacing, and distribution of the spherical modules efficiently and flexibly for THE FINAL PROJECT.

Once the digital model was completed, we exported the file and prepared it for fabrication. We opened the file in Bambu Studio to configure the printing parameters. The design was positioned on the print bed in a way that minimized the need for supports, optimizing both material use and print quality.

We selected a variable layer height to achieve a good surface finish while keeping the printing time reasonable. Then, we chose the available printer, build plate, and material. Since the element is not intended to withstand significant structural loads, we selected a low infill percentage to reduce material consumption and printing time.

After slicing the model, we reviewed the estimated printing time and material usage. Finally, the file was sent to the 3D printer, and we monitored the process until the print was completed. This workflow allowed us to integrate parametric design and digital fabrication, moving from computational modeling to a physical prototype.

Modeling the sphere

using Rhino and Boolean Difference command

  • Details

Prototipe

prototipe of the module for final project - sphere 8 cm

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Prototipe of parametric wall

Using Grasshopper for designing the wall

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Opening the file in Bambu Studio

exporting the file for 3D PRINTING

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Minimizing the need for support structures.

positining the model on the print bed in an specific orientation

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3D Printing

Selecting variable layer height

for optimize surface quality while maintaining an efficient printing time

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Selecting the available 3D printer

corresponding build plate configuration, and loaded material

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Reducing material consumption and printing time

low infill density was selected

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Slicing the model

to preview the estimated printing time and material consumption

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Printing prototipe

Sending the prototipe to the printer

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3D printing

waintng for te result

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Printing another game - 3D three-in-a-row

Additionally, driven by further interest in experimentation and validation of the printing process, we proceeded to fabricate an additional model based on a three-in-a-row game logic adapted to a three-dimensional configuration. This secondary model was obtained from an online open-source repository and was not developed as part of our original parametric design workflow.

The purpose of this print was primarily technical and exploratory. It allowed us to continue refining the additive manufacturing workflow, including file preparation, slicing configuration, and printer calibration verification. By working with a pre-designed model, we were able to focus specifically on optimizing print settings rather than geometry development.

Moreover, this iteration served as an opportunity to test different filament colors available in the laboratory. We evaluated color contrast, layer adhesion, and surface finish variations between materials, as well as the visual impact of multi-color combinations in modular components. This process helped us better understand material behavior, extrusion consistency, and the aesthetic potential of filament selection within small-scale functional prototypes.

EXPLORING FUSION 360

Next exercise is focused on exploring Autodesk Fusion 360. The objective was to become familiar with the interface, basic tools, and general workflow of the program. The practice involved creating simple 2D sketches and transforming them into 3D models, providing a foundational understanding of modeling concepts that can be applied in more complex design tasks.

    1. Open the program and create a new design

    The process begins by opening Autodesk Fusion 360 and creating a new design file. This initializes the workspace where the 3D model will be developed. At this stage, it is important to ensure that the correct units (millimeters) are selected to maintain precision.

    2. Select the origin plane

    The next step consists of selecting the origin plane to work on (XY, XZ, or YZ). This defines the base orientation of the model and is essential for maintaining proper alignment and proportions throughout the design process.

    3. Create a sketch on the selected origin

    Once the plane is selected, a new sketch is created. The sketch environment allows the definition of 2D geometry, which will later be transformed into a 3D object. This step establishes the foundation of the modeling process.

4. Draw the base geometry

Within the sketch, a rectangle or another required shape is created depending on the intended design. Dimensions are then added to define exact measurements, ensuring accuracy and parametric control of the model.

5. Finish the sketch and extrude the shape

After defining the geometry with the necessary dimensions, the sketch is completed. Using the Extrude tool, volume is added to the 2D shape by assigning a specific height. This operation transforms the sketch into a 3D solid, which serves as the base for more complex modeling operations on different planes.





Custom Design Case Study

DESIGNING CABLE ORGANIZER

In this case, a custom piece was designed for a FabLab machine to function as a cable organizer, intended to hold a cable that would otherwise remain loose or on the floor, improving workspace organization, reducing potential hazards, and protecting the cable from damage.

1. Measurement and Adaptation to the Machine

To begin the design process, measurements were taken directly from the machine in order to ensure a precise fit within the designated space. Both overall dimensions and specific details, such as moldings and contact surfaces, were considered to guarantee proper functional and structural integration of the piece.

2. Modular Design Strategy

The design was then developed by dividing it into separate parts. This approach was intended to optimize the fabrication process by reducing the need for support structures during 3D printing, resulting in material savings, shorter printing time, and improved surface quality.

3. Assembly and Final Configuration

Once the individual components are assembled, the final structure can be visualized as a complete system that meets the initial requirements, demonstrating an efficient modular design that facilitates assembly, as well as future adjustments or maintenance.

4. File Preparation in Bambu Studio

Once the design was completed, each part was imported into Bambu Studio individually and arranged side by side on the build plate. This organization ensured an efficient use of space and a controlled printing layout.

5. Slicing and Parameter Configuration

After positioning the parts, the model was sliced and the appropriate printing parameters were configured. Settings such as layer height, infill, and supports were adjusted to achieve optimal print quality and performance.

6. 3D Printing Process

The file was then sent to the 3D printer, where the printing process could be observed, allowing for monitoring and verification of correct material deposition and print stability.

7. Final Printed Result

Once the printing process was completed, the physical parts were obtained, showing the final geometry and confirming the accuracy of the design.

8. Assembly and Functional Use

Finally, the parts were assembled and placed in use, integrating the cable as intended. This demonstrated the functionality of the piece and its correct adaptation to the machine.

3D SCANNING

TEXTO

    One of the main advantages is how intuitive some tools are:

    These commands allow me to quickly transform