In my Attiny45 microcontroller board i have connected the LED to pin. number Pin2 i.e. PB3 and one Switch to pin6 i.e. PB1 (MISO) pin

ATTINY45 Microcontroller Features

So From Data-sheet it is clear that the number of pins, (Input/output), The operating voltage range of IC's and some basic information about this Attiny-45 Microcontroller Ics.

The Block Diagram of Atitiny45

Different Programming Languages In Embedded system

As far as programming languages are concerned, these are the usual programming languages that you often use for building other software products. But you need to learn specific syntaxes and techniques for using these programming languages for programming embedded devices.
The list showing the 18 top embedded programming languages.
1. Python
2. C
3. C++
4. Arduino
5. Assembly
6. Rust
7. C#
8. Verilog
9. VHDL
10. LabView
11. Elixir
12. Ada
13. D
14. Forth
15. TCL
16. LadderLogic
17. Erlang
18. Javascript

Different IDE Used Embedded programming

There are various environment used in embedded programming following are the mostly used.
1. Atmel Studio
2. Arduino
3. Eclipse AVR
4. Fireflybr
5. Scratch v6. Modkit

There are other ICs too like 32-bit (ARM compatible), AVR in LCD Display Drivers, USB Controllers

Initially,we have started with programming in Arduino with C++ Lanuage, before that we need to installed the arduino software.for this I have reffered Mr. Nikhil More Sir websites

In electronic Design week we have already installed arduino software and required libraries for attiny45, here i worked on arduino with different prgrmming languages
Lets us see what is the bassically Arduino and its Environment

What is an Arduino?

Open Source electronic prototyping platformbased on flexible easy to used hardware and software.

Here, we can installed the required libraries

This shows the default BUILTIN_LED Connected to Pin number 13(Digital)

Very First i have tried the programming for IC ATmega328 i.e connected on Arduino Uno Board
For that, I have reffered Pin the Pin Diagram of ATmega328P pin , it has 20 GPIO pins.and others are power supply pin's

After that i have open the arduino software,In example LED blink program is available,
Then i have made the required chnages, As i have connect led to pin 3 (Digital Pin 3)

1. void setup()- Void setup is technically a function that you create at the top of each program. Inside the curly brackets is the code that you want to run one time as soon as the program starts running. You set things like pinMode in this section. The loop is another function that Arduino uses as a part of its structure.

2. pinMode (3, OUTPUT);- In this project we are going to blink an LED at port number 3 of micro controller. To blink an LED means, I have to turn it ON and OFF alternatively at a certain interval. So we are going to send commands to turn LED ON and OFF to port 3 of micro controller (arduino board). To do so, we have to configure port 3 as OUTPUT in our program. This is achieved inside the void setup() block.

3. void loop () - The loop is another function that Arduino uses as a part of its structure. The code inside the loop function runs over and over as long as the Maker Board is turned on.

4. digitalWrite(3, HIGH); – This is an instruction to write some data to a particular micro controller port in arduino board. We have connected LED to pin3. To turn it ON, we have to supply a voltage at pin 3. We are going to do that via software commands. Since our arduino board is connected to PC via USB, a +5 volts readily available. We need to pass this voltage to port 3 of arduino board. To do so, APL has a keyword instruction called HIGH. So we just need to write an instruction digitalWrite(LED,HIGH); and this instruction when executed by micro controller will supply a +5 volts at port 13. This voltage will power LED and it will turn ON.

5. digitalWrite(3,LOW); - Now we need to turn LED OFF. We just need to disconnect the voltage supply given at port 3. This command will cut off supply at port 13 and LED will get OFF.

6. Delay (1000); - It is a setting a time interval in between ON and OFF time. The time given for delay is in Milli Seconds.

After that i have tried another programming language i.e. Embedded C on arduino board,Our colleague Mohit introduce about this language and by following him we have tried the below Embedded C Code. For that we have reffered Make- AVR Progamming by ,Elliot Williams book " Page No. 44 "

This is the given Embedded C program in book

Lets see the stucture of this AVR c code

1) First section i.e."preamble section" indicates the installing libraries from other source, we can also define global vari- ables, and define functions.

2) After the preamble comes the main() function. The name “main” is special—re- gardless of how many other functions are defined, your C program must have ex- actly one main() function. main is where the AVR starts executing your code when the power first goes on. It’s the entry point.

3) Inside the main function you’ll find a while(1) loop, often referred to as the “main loop” or “event loop.” while() loops are loops that continue running over and over as long as the condition inside the parentheses is true. And in C, 0 always resolves as false, and 1 always resolves as true. So everything that’s within this loop will run over and over again forever. As long as you’re giving the AVR microcontroller power,

4) why Return (0):-
In C and C++ programs the main function is of type int and therefore it should return an integer value. On most operating systems returning 0 is a success status like saying "The program worked fine". In C++ it is optional to type " return 0; " at the end of the main function and the compiler includes it automatically

5) Now, switch on actually what something done in the code
As we know the arduino has 3 ports PORTB (PB0-PB7), PORTC(PC0-PC7) , PORTD(PD0-PD7).

6) DDRB- Data directions Register B: Means whatever you apply the logic on this port it will strore in register B .i.e DDRB and PORTB are definitions that point to the AVR’s internal hardware registers.

7) DDRB |= (1 << PB0); means, if the PB0 is set to output. The DDRB |= 1 << PB0 is used. The DDB0 - is now set as output and the bit is set to high or 1.
OR
If I will clear that bit like mentioned DDRB &= ~(1 << PB0). this means the DDB0 is set to a low level 0 and now it is declared as an input.
This be an equivalent to clear the PB0 bit: DDRB = 0b00000000

PORTB=0b00000001:- Means turn on the first LED connected to port B (PB0)

PORTB=0b00000000:-means send the logic low at port B(PB0)

_delay_(100):- means wait for for 100 milli second

Once coding is done I have reffered the pin out of ATmega328p IC and found there PB0 pin is connected to Digital pin no. 8 of arduino board, So here i need to connected my led at same pin

There are two steps involved in loading the program from your PC to arduino board via the arduino IDE. First step is compiling and second step is called burning. Let’s see in detail.

1. Then complile the program first, Compiling a program is the process of transforming high-level source code into a low-level object code (binary code) called machine language, which can be understood by the processor. In Arduino IDE AVR-GCC Toolchain is used for compiling the program.

2.Uploading – uploading a program to any micro controller. So in this step, we are going to upload the verified program in arduino IDE to the arduino board. To do this, press the “upload” button (see the button with right arrow mark). A click on the “upload” button will begin the process of burning the compiled program to Avr micro controller on our arduino board. Depending on the size of our program, this will take a little time. If we look on our arduino board, we can see the 2 LED’s near Tx and Rx blinking. This is an indication of successful communication between your PC and arduino board. If the program has been uploaded successfully, we will see a message like “Done Uploading“. If the uploading process was not successful, you will see an error message.

Here, I had faced the problems while uploading the program its gives the error

So In this case i need to disconnect the Arduino USB port and connect properly and also checked the COM port is detects or not

After that uploading the program is done successfully, then i connenct LED to PB0( Digital Pin no. 8), its blinking as per programmed

In this way I have cheaked the the same program for various combinations of ports and pins also

Note:-In this case, it is observed that when i changed the ports and pin, i need to change the binary code of register accordingly

For eg;- Suppose we take DDRB |= (1 << PB2); We need to write binary code or logic 1(high) to bit number 2 i.e PORTB=0b00000100.

(Apply same above logic to other oprations)

After that I have applied same programming on my echo hello world Atitiny45 Microcontroller Board
Before that i had read the pin configuration Attiny45 Board
In electronics Design Week i have made echo hello world Attiny45 Microcontroller board on that, LED with current limmiting resistor connected to pin number 3 (PB3)

So here first, i have tried Arduino programming on this board

When i connect, Attiny45 to my laptop as discribed in previous week documentation we need to installed required libraies and board manager This process i have already completed in last week(Electronics Design)

Once you configure the Attiny45 Board properly with arduino IDE then you can compile or upload your programmed other wise its gives the error like below ,that i have faced while uploading my program

Then I have Edit my programmed as per attiny45 Board and upload it by making respective changes in given example in arduino IDE

The LED connected to attiny45 Board at pin 3 is blinking

The video shows blinking of LED as per given code.

Embedded C language Program Using Arduino IDE

Now, have tried using C language for the LED blinking on ATTINY 45 Micro-controller board. The objective of the work is to learn the command use in C-language as we have discussed above.
The program is as follows:

This is i made repective changes as per LED Connection

Then make the connection as per need and follow above process for configure arduino IDE

After uploading the program on attiny 45 the LED is blinking

The programm is uploaded successfully in the board and LED will blinking. Lets see the video.

This case i have set the delay 100 milli Second, so its decreases the ON time as well as OFF time of LED thats why LED blinking speed is increases.

Summary:-In this week of assignment we have succesfully done the programming (Arduino C++ and Embedded C) of different languages with different IDE.
We have also programmed Echo Hello World attiny45 Microcontroller Borad.

What i have learned:-
1. learned about the basic concept of Embedded System
2. How to read the data sheet Attiny45 Microcontroller Board and why it is neccesary to read it.
3.I have learned about the arduino uno board and it's Integrated Developement Environment.
4. Arduino board coding using C++ language.
5. learned about Embedded C coding for blinking of LED with different combination of ports and pins.
6. How to programmed Attiny45 Microcontroller board with arduino IDE.

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