A3-CAD-Computer Aided Design

Objective:

Learning Outcomes:

Evaluate and Select 2D and 3D softwares
Demonstrate and describe processes used in modelling with 2D and 3D software

Checklist:

1. Modelled experimental objects/part of a possible project in 2D and 3D software
2. Show how you did it with words/images/screenshots
3. Included your original design

Opening Quotes:

"FORM doesnot necessarily follow function...”
“Limitations make the Creative mind Inventive”
“Designs are an Expression of Values”
“Content preceeds Design: Design in the absence of Content is Decoration”

After the lecture by Neil on CAD, A lecture on Solid Works was organized where we were familiarized with various features and the dashboard commands. I tried to draw Interlocking brick. After the lecture by Neil on CAD, A lecture on Solid Works was organized where we were familiarized with various features and the dashboard commands. I tried to draw Interlocking brick. I used to draw on page but never designed anything using a software. Computer Graphics can be created as raster or vector images.

Raster:
The images made up of pixels (cells) organized in rows and columns (grid) which contain information and collectively form a picture.
They are bitmap images.
The images blur after zooming in to a certain limit. We can see the pixels in a grid. After zooming out, the image is smooth and clear.
Raster images are defined and displayed at specific resolution. The resolution is measured in dpi (dots per inch-1920 x 1080)
Common raster formats include GIF, JPEG, TIFF, PCX and BMP
Software’s used for 2D raster images are GIMP, Photoshop, BIMP, ImageMagick etc.
I usually use Paint for making diagrams. I have used GIMP and BIMP for image size reduction, but I don't know how to effectively use GIMP for making diagrams.
Earlier, the image size used to increase as I was not able to define the format to which the image is to be exported. It used to save in the PNG format.
We had GIMP tutorial from Pooja Jadhav where she introduced us to various functionalities of GIMP. I then tried to explore GIMP.

Various Softwares explored by me in this week are:

About Raster 2D Design using GIMP:
I had already downloaded GIMP as we were told to compress the size of our images before uploading to our website. But, as I mentioned earlier, I was not exporting the images to JPEG format, nor setting the pixel size, I had resultant images of bigger size.
Then I referred Gimp Tutorial After following the steps mentioned, I was able to reduce the size of the images.

Application	Image Size in MB	Image Resolution
Original	3.90MB	3456 x 4608
Paint	1.78 MB	2465 x 1953
GIMP	314 Kb	2465 x 1953

For Image processing, I referred Gimp Tutorial

Before

After

About Raster 2D Design using BIMP (a GIMP plugin/extension): Then, I tried using BIMP for batch resizing of images: Mistakes that I made were-

1. Dimensions:
a. Out of the four options, I had to select whether to resize, fix or restrict height and width – Select desired option
b. Select the image size as per the dimensions used in the template of website that you have used or else the images may not fit in the position and disturb the alignment of the website. Due to this, I had to change 2 website templates.

2. Output Format:
a. Select proper format from JPEG, PNG, TIFF, GIF, TGA, PCX or Don’t Change
b. Select the output folder, it is advisable to make two folders for image processing. One folder will be of Original images and the other one may be of processed images. If required, you may even opt to create third folder for images to be uploaded on website.
c. One major mistake that I made was to select the option of deleting the original images. I had to again take screenshots and process images for the assignment.

3. Rename: To differentiate, you may choose to rename the resultant processed image as Uppercase or Toggle case or Title case. If you choose, Unchanged case, it may be difficult for you to differentiate between original and processed images. You may also choose to prefix or suffix the resultant files.

4. Select or Deselect the images to be processed (size reduction).

What is Vector in graphics? Few Examples. Vector graphics are based on mathematical formulas that define geometric primitives such as polygons, lines, curves, circles and rectangles.
Inherently, vector-based graphics are more malleable than raster images — thus, they are much more versatile, flexible and easy to use. The most obvious advantage of vector images over raster graphics is that vector images are quickly and perfectly scalable. There is no upper or lower limit for sizing vector images.
Vctor images are not resolution-dependent. Vector images have no fixed intrinsic resolution, rather they display at the resolution capability of whatever output device (monitor, printer) is rendering them.
Common vector formats include AI, EPS, SVG, and sometimes PDF.

After Opening GIMP, define the Size of the Image

Import the Image to be Manipulated and Convert it to either Colorimetric or GrayScale or Relative as per the need. I have selected GrayScale

Tried Zooming In and Fit to selected Sketch

Tried the Edge option to Transform
Inkscape: 2D Vector Design Software About 2D Vector: Inkscape I created the logo of my name using Inkscape. Mohit Ahuja (fellow Fab Academian) helped me to recreated the design that I thought of. Later on I went through Inkscape Tutorial for exploring it on my own.
Logo made for my Name

Selected the Pen; increased its Size and then drew it.

Before

After

Imported the GoatIT Logo in InkScape for Editing as the file was in .JPEG format and the files in .SVG format can be Opened in InkScape

Message Pop Up after Importing the Image. I selected the Default options

Imported Image on the InkScape Workplane.

Trace Bitmap the Image to convert it to Vector and manipulate the Edges

Selected the Edge Detection Option out of the Three as it looked better

Original Image and the Trace Bitmap Image side by side

Filled the Colors and added the Text

Selected the Vectors to manipulate a bit

Simply put, Painting can be done with the pixels and
Drawing can be done with the Vectors

3D Design:

Free CAD:
It is open source 3D design software which is highly recommended by Dr. Neil. I downloaded and tried exploring it.

On the start, the S/w asks about the plane in which we would like to draw. Choose any one among the three XY, YZ, XZ axes.

I selected the rectangle from the Sketcher Workbench

Drew Rectangle on the WorkSpace and defined its location from the Center. This will confine and make the drawing Constrained.

Assigned the Horizontal Constarint and dimensions to the sides of the Rectangle

Assigned the Vertical Constarint and dimensions to the sides of the Rectangle

Used this Options and Commands to Draw the Object

Used these Options/Commands to Constrain the Sketch

Drew Lines outside the Rectangle and attached them to each other and the Object by using the Constraints

Joining the Line to the Surface of the Object

Close the Sketch. Go to Part Design and Select the Sketch for Creating Body

Select the Body and Pad up

Made Independant Copy of the Object

Define the amount of Pad to be added to the Sketch

Perspective View of the Object created after Padding. Selected the Face of the Object for adding Fillet is in Green Color

Faces of the Object where Fillet is applied

Object with Fillets

Tried creating the Hole in the Object but couldnt as the diamter of the Hole was very small as per the parameters. So, left it as it is.

Few other Drawings/Designs that I tried are:

I drew a circle of 30 mm diameter inside the rectangle

Gave chamfering to the edges of the rectangle and drew lines outside the rectangle

Used coincident constrain to attach the points with each other

Used other constrain to attach lines to the object/rectangle and used trim command

ultimately, started agin and tried to give shape like a pendrive. Help section in the Menu bar tells you about What aparticular function is and what it does.

Started drawing new shape for exploring more

drew rectangle and independent lines

Replaced lines with Arc and trim the line

Selected the body and tried to create body to make it 3D.

Close the Sketcher Workbench. Go to Part Design Workbench from Workbench Menu Bar. Click on the object to be created body. On the Left side, select the Create Body option. Click and Select Pad option from the Top. Constrain the Height. Applied body of 10 mm to the sketch

Applied Excrude Cut command to create a hole in the object by selecting the face of the object.

Applied Fillet to the Hole created

Rounded the fillet

Selected the Face and Shell out command is applied

Tried making two holes in the Object.

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Tinker CAD:
Considered as the Design Software for the Beginners and Kids. It also has feature to design Electronic Circuits. Forgot to take Screenshots from the beginning.

Open TinkerCad in the Browser
Sign Up or Log In if already created an Account
Click on Create New Design
Select the Shapes to draw from the Right Side. Drag them on the WorkPlace
Select the Object and assign the dimensions to it.

Tried few shapes

Started working one of the designs used in Engineering

Took one cube, cylinders and alligned them to make this shape

Made the Cylinder hollow and grouped with the solid object. This gives the hole in the object

Took one cylinder and alligned it with the object in a way to create a hole

Few other shapes that I tried

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Rhino6:

Four Views after opening the Rhino-6 Software

Tried drawing few 2D shapes

Tried an Arc

Tried editing Shape of Sphere with Editing lines

Tried drawing 3D shaped by defining dimensions

Tried the Revolve function to create a Vase by rotating along one axis by 360 degrees

Tried the Solid view of the Objects

Tried Boolean Union of two spheres

created a Vase by revolve function

Tried Rendering

Change the Material properties and rendered it

For Designing a Vase in Rhino-6, I followed the following Steps:

Selected Lines for Drawing Straight Lines	Selected PolyLines to Draw Curves of the Vase	Drew the Shape of the Vase along a Straight Line in Center

Drew the Shape of the Vase along a Straight Line in Center

Used Revolve Command; Defined the Start and End Angles of Revolution and Axis

Object in Wireframe View	Object in Shaded Viewport View

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blender

Rahul Kanojia took our hands on tutorial about blender which is very easy to handle, has many functionalities and features, open source software, light weight.
Working Notes: for blender:
You can also get the shortcut keys used in blender.

Go to the edit menu select Blender Preference and go to the Keymap

Some of keys are:
0 for camera mode
1 for front view

For editing given object, Select given object and Go to the Tab and change the object mode to edit mode.

You can change the object according to Vertex

Select vertex point,press G and move it along X axis.

For Pan: Prell Shift + Scroll button on mouse
For Tilt: Press and Move the Scroll button
For
Zoom: Scroll in and out by the Scroll button of mouse.
You may explore and change the shortcut keys from the File --> Preferences --> Add ons. Numpad key 5 can be used to switch from Perspective view to Ortho view.

Pressing G and then X will make the selected object to move only along the X axis. Same could be done for the other Y and Z axes as well.

Press R and the Y will make the selected object to rotate only along the Y axis. Same could be done for the other X and Z axes as well.

An opening window of blender consist of number of tools as shown in image.
You can select box, cursor, move, rotate an object with left hand side tools on the screen.
You can check type of object,its Xray view, rotating an object along axis, zoom, toggle the camera and chaning the projection from the right corner of the screen.
There is camera and light source on the screen near an object.

For surface modification go to --> add select mesh --> select monkey
Go to the add modifier and select sub division surface
By selecting Sculpting, we can change the shape of an object

Paper fold through Paper Model
Select edit --> goto the preference mode --> select Addons --> select Export Paper model.
For adding shape, select add, select Mesh and select ico sphere shape

Change the object mode and select edit mode --> select any edge from which you want to open the object. mark seams.

Export the paper model in PDF format.

About 2D Animation
You may make 2D and 3D Animation in Blender.

I tried making 2D Animation of my name. The YouTube link of the Video can be found here.

Open New 2D Animation file and Select 2d animation, write words in the writing window
Move the frame again rewrite on previous one it appears like trace
Select output parameters and save as FFmpeg video format. render it.

The Original 2D Animation File could be downloaded from Here.