Week 03 — Computer-Controlled Cutting

This week I worked on two computer-controlled cutting workflows: laser cutting with the Makeblock Laserbox and vinyl cutting with the Silhouette Cameo 5a. The goal was building a reliable pipeline from vector files to clean, accurate physical results.

Overview

Computer-controlled cutting translates vector geometry into real parts. Although the machines are different, both workflows depend on the same fundamentals: correct scale, compatible file formats, and settings matched to the material.

Tools used


Laser Cutting — Makeblock Laserbox

Software setup

The Laserbox workflow starts with installing the official software. I downloaded it from: https://support.xtool.com/article/182.

Workflow note: canvas size vs. material size

One limitation of the Laserbox software is that the design canvas represents the full machine workspace, not the exact size/position of the sheet placed inside the machine. When importing an SVG, scale can drift if the file setup is not strict.

For this assignment I used an A4 sheet, so I created an A4 rectangle (210 × 297 mm) in Illustrator and kept my cut geometry inside that frame. This made it easier to verify scale and keep the design within the real material boundary after importing into Laserbox.

Machine specifications

Parameter Value
Model Makeblock Laserbox
Laser Type CO₂ Laser
Laser Power 40 W
Working Area 500 mm × 300 mm
Software Laserbox software
Supported File Formats SVG, DXF, PNG, JPG
Typical Materials Wood, paper, cardboard, leather, acrylic

Makeblock Laserbox machine
Makeblock Laserbox machine used for laser cutting.
Operating the Laserbox machine
Operating the Laserbox machine in the lab.

Tolerance test

Before cutting the final design, I ran a tolerance test to evaluate cutting precision and estimate kerf. The result confirmed that the cuts were clean and consistent for this material batch.

Tolerance test design in Illustrator
Tolerance test design prepared in Illustrator.
Tolerance test cut result
Tolerance test result after laser cutting.

Laser cutting settings (record)

Fab Academy reviewers often look for a clear record of settings. The table below documents the parameters used (values may vary depending on material condition).

Item Value
Material Plywood
Thickness 3 mm
Operation Cut
Power 80%
Speed 10 mm/s
Passes 1
Air Assist Enabled
Focus Auto Focus

Press-fit Construction

Concept — Tessellation

Examples of tessellation patterns
Inspiration: tessellation patterns where shapes interlock and repeat.

For the press-fit task, I explored tessellation as a strategy to create repeating modules. Tessellation is a geometric method where a single tile can repeat and fill a plane without gaps or overlaps, which makes it a good starting point for modular construction.

I created the tessellation on tiled.art, which helps visualize how a single shape behaves when repeated. Based on that logic, I designed a bird (dove) tile that can connect with identical pieces.

Vector design in Illustrator

Bird tessellation in Illustrator
Bird tile repeated as a tessellation layout in Illustrator.

I redrew the tile as clean vector paths in Adobe Illustrator and arranged multiple copies inside an A4 boundary to maximize material usage and keep scale consistent for laser cutting.

Press-fit slot design

Press-fit slots added to the bird shape
Slots added to support press-fit connections between pieces.

To enable assembly without glue, I added press-fit slots to the bird geometry. The material was 3 mm plywood. Since laser cutting is accurate and kerf removes a small amount of material, I designed the slot width as 2.6 mm to achieve a tight friction fit.

Laser cutting the sheet

Laser cutting close-up
Laser cutting process: the outlines and slots are cut in one run.
Bird shapes cut from plywood
Multiple bird tiles cut from a single plywood sheet.

Removing and checking the fit

Cut sheet before removing pieces
Sheet after cutting, before removing the individual pieces.
Pieces separated from the sheet
Pieces removed and ready for assembly.

After removing the parts, I tested the slot tolerance by assembling two pieces first. The 2.6 mm slot width produced a secure connection while still allowing disassembly.

Close-up of press-fit connection
Close-up: press-fit connection test between two tiles.

Assembly experiments

Vertical chain assembled with bird tiles
Experiment: vertical chain structure using repeated slots.
Final assembled structure
Final structure: tessellation tile transformed into a modular 3D construction.

This press-fit experiment shows how a 2D tessellation tile can become a modular construction system. The repeating bird shape supports multiple assembly directions, producing both flat patterns and small 3D forms.


Vinyl Cutting — Silhouette Cameo 5a

For vinyl cutting, I designed a lung-shaped sticker with branching structures and circular details. This geometry tests both cutting precision and how difficult the design is to weed.

Design

Vector design of the lung sticker
Vector design of the lung sticker.

File format issue

When importing the design into Silhouette Studio, I encountered a file format limitation. Some vector formats are not supported in the basic edition. To solve this, I exported a compatible format (DXF) before importing.

Format compatibility issue in Silhouette Studio
File format compatibility issue in Silhouette Studio.
Silhouette Studio edition comparison
Silhouette Studio software edition comparison.

Importing the design

Design imported into Silhouette Studio
Design imported into Silhouette Studio.

Machine setup

Selecting the machine model
Selecting the machine model.
Setting cutting parameters
Setting cutting parameters.
Preparing the cutting settings
Preparing the cutting settings.

Preparing material

Vinyl sheet on the cutting mat
Vinyl sheet placed on the cutting mat.

Cutting process

Vinyl cutting in progress
Vinyl cutting in progress.
Cut paths visible
Cut paths visible after the machine finished.

Weeding

Removing excess vinyl
Removing excess vinyl from the design.
Cleaning details during weeding
Cleaning the details during the weeding process.

Final result

Final lung sticker
Final lung sticker after cutting and weeding.

Reflection