My Project

Literature Survey

Yu et al. (2015):A relatively low number of smokers have caused high lung cancer prevalence in females in Taiwan. Since cooking is one of the major sources of particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in household buildings, one of the major risk factors for lung cancer is suspected to be the exposure to air pollution from cooking (APC) [1].

Gao et al. (2013):One of the major problems of indoor air quality and indoor environmental health identified was the particulate matter generated during the cooking process. Accurate information of emission characteristics especially the size distribution is re-quired by reliable assessment of exposure to cooking generat-ed particles. The volume/mass-based size distribution of the fume particles at the oil heating stage for the typical Chinese-style cooking in a laboratory kitchen is characterized in this study titled “Volume-based size distribution of accumulation and coarse particles (PMO. 1-10) from cooking fume during oil heating” which was published in “Building and Environ-ment”[2].

Poon et al. (2016):The major indoor pollutant source is from cooking. To know both the exposure, inside and outside the kitchen are im-portant. Two indoor zones and their spatial distribution of particle concentration however, have not been studied exten-sively. In this study, particle transport between two zones for a water boiling process under four kitchen hood operation scenarios was investigated. By using a condensation particle counter the particles were counted and the study may be con-sidered a study of ultrafine particles since most of the particles were less than 100 nm in diameter. Poon et al published their article in Building and Environment and the title is “Experi-mental study of exposure to cooking emitted particles under single zone and two-zone environments”. [3]

Zhou et al. (2016):Occupant's health is determined by the pollutants generated from cooking process. Range hood is installed to exhaust oil fume and other pollutants for conventional residential kitchen in hot summer and cold winter region of China. Air is sup-plied through the insect screen in typical kitchen. However, for good indoor air quality in kitchen, this kind of air supply and exhaust system is not capable of providing air distribu-tion. The combined scheme with air supply through slot air curtain and air exhaust through range hood is proposed in order to solve this problem, which is called as the push-pull ventilation system. To investigate the air velocity, temperature and pollutant distributions both numerical simulation and field test were carried out. During numerical simulation Or-thogonal study was performed. “A pre and post evaluation of indoor air quality, ventilation, and thermal comfort in retrofit-ted co-operative social housing” was presented by Zhou et al and also published in Building and Environment

Component and its specification

a. DC Fan

The fan is used to sucks the smoke from the kitchen, exhaust it into the atmosphere. Here i have to select the fan, which is work on solar power. so the DC fan is selected. The propose DC fan have this specification:
Type: Axia Fan, Voltage:12V,Power:5W, Speed:2400 RPM, Size: 12x12x2.5cm,Air Volume:85CFM, Noise Level:35db

b. Battery

Batteries as electrical storage medium, are very important part of this system because it have to provide the energy when there is no sunlight So here i have to used sealed lead acid battery.Following are the some calculation for battery size: Load of Fan= 10W (5W x 2 Nos.)
Running Time (i.e. Backup required) = 6 hour/day
Total load on Battery = 10W x 6 hour = 60 WH
Consiter system viltage = 12 V
Battery charge required capacity = 60WH/12V = 5 AH
In solar PV system, the DoD( deep discharge) is in the range of 60% to 80%. So here consider 70%.
Therefore the required capacity of battery= 5AH/(0.7 x 100) = 7.14 AH.
In market the battery is availble with capacity 7.5 AH. So I selected this battery.

c. PV Module

A solar PV module is a collection of solar cells, mainly connected in series. These combinations of solar cells provide higher power than a single solar cell. The PV module are available in the power rating from 3 watt to 300 watt. They really form the basic building block of PV system as power generating unit. Here we required a energy from PV module for Battery Charging of around 7.5 AH. The power of battery is used to run a suction fan of blower. The size of the PV module is decided by the following calculation
Power required for charging in Watt = Battery capacity in AH x Battery Voltage
P in Watt = 7.5 AH x 12 V = 90 WH (Watt-Hour)
Consider the battery charging time is 6 hour/day. So 90 WH/6H= 15 W
So here I selected thep pannel of 15 W or more 20 W depends on availability.

d. MPPT Charge Controller

The PV system required several components other than PV module.The batteries are required to store the electrical energy for night time applications. So here the protection of batteries is required from over-charging, over-discharge as both of these damage the batteries and reduce their lifetime. so the device which protect the batteries is know as charge controller. MPPT is used to ensure that PV module is supplying maximum posible power to the systems.In the absence of MPPT, the PV module may work in sub-optimal conditions and may not generate power to its potential. The charge controller and MPPT are club into single electronic device called MPPT charge controller. so here i have to design the circuit and to develop the PCB in Fab Lab

e.Smoke Sensor

Smoke sensor sense the smoke which is coming from burning of biomass or gas in kitchen. After sensing the smoke it can gives the signal to microcontroller for to start the working of fan in chimney. Here I have selected MQ2 series smoke sensor module available in market. The sensor has four fin VCC, GND, AOUT and DOUT. For more details, download the datasheet here

f. Carbon Filter

The carbon filter is used to absorb the charcoal from the smoke.

h. Microcontroller

A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes a processor, memory and input/output (I/O) peripherals on a single chip. A microcontroller is embedded inside of a system to control a singular function in a device. It does this by interpreting data it receives from its I/O peripherals using its central processor. The temporary information that the microcontroller receives is stored in its data memory, where the processor accesses it and uses instructions stored in its program memory to decipher and apply the incoming data. It then uses its I/O peripherals to communicate and enact the appropriate action.There are a number of technology and b business considerations to keep in mind when choosing a microcontroller for a project.Beyond cost, it is important to consider the maximum speed, amount of RAM or ROM, number or types of I/O pins on an MCU, as well as power consumption and constraints and development support.
Here for smooth operation of the project, I have selected AtTiny 44 IC, which has 14 pin.

The details about this microcontroller is given in Assignment 9. The pin configuration is shown below: