Assignment Requirements
Group assignment
- Characterize the design rules for your in-house PCB production process: document the settings for your machine.
- Document the workflow for sending a PCB to a boardhouseharacterize the laser cutter (focus, power, speed, rate, kerf, joint clearance, types).
- Document your work to the group work page and reflect on your individual page what you learned
Individual assignment
- Make and test a microcontroller development board that you designed.
Progress Status
This is for reporting progress (not for visitors to click).
Group page link + notes added.
Missing final photos and conclusions.
Upload .zip with source files.
Assignment Requirements
Learning outcomes
- Describe the process of tool-path generation, milling/laser engraving, stuffing, de-bugging and programming
- Demonstrate correct workflows and identify areas for improvement if required
Have you answered these questions?
- Linked to the group assignment page✅
- Documented how you made the toolpath✅.
- Documented how you made (milled, stuffed, soldered) the board✅.
- Documented that your board is functional✅.
- Explained any problems and how you fixed them✅.
- Uploaded your source code✅.
- Included a ‘hero shot’ of your board✅.
Weekly planning
During the week, we carried out various activities that presented significant challenges but were also very rewarding, especially due to the opportunity to share and learn together. We met virtually with our colleagues in the node and also participated in Open Lab meetings with Iquitos, Satipo, and Lima, which allowed us to organize and conduct open workshops in the different labs. In these sessions, we were able to review the software necessary for the work, as well as the machines, materials, and instruments required for each activity. This experience strengthened coordination between nodes and allowed us to better understand the importance of planning and managing resources effectively in digital fabrication processes.
group work
Teamwork allowed us to meet in different locations and use the CNC tool at one of Fab Lab Lima's mobile labs. We also met with Silvana Espinozza, who provided support in using the mobile Fab Lab's CNC machine, helping us resolve some questions that arose during the process.
As a team, we actively collaborated to understand the PCB production process. We explored how to properly prepare design files, generate toolpaths, and configure the CNC milling machine for both trace milling and board cutting.
During the process, we tested different parameters, such as depth of cut, feed rate, and tool selection, with the goal of achieving clean and precise milling of the printed circuit board. These tests allowed us to identify the appropriate settings and avoid common problems, such as incomplete traces or board damage.
Through this collaborative work, we gained a better understanding of the entire PCB manufacturing flow, recognizing how small adjustments to parameters can significantly influence the final result.
This experience was fundamental in strengthening our knowledge and ensuring the success of our individual PCB designs.
introduction Electronics Production
Professor Roberto Delgado conducted a virtual introduction to printed circuit boards (PCBs), covering materials and manufacturing methods. He also explained the soldering process, the materials and equipment used, and the necessary safety procedures for these activities.
This information was fundamental to the group project, as it allowed us to understand the characteristics of the machines and receive practical recommendations based on his experience. We also learned about the manufacturing process using MODS and how to identify common problems, such as poor or incorrect soldering.
Finally, the importance of safety during the soldering process was reinforced, highlighting best practices to avoid risks and improve the quality of the work.
For more information, visit the following page: Learn more about PCB manufacturing
JLCPCB – PCB Ordering Process
1. Open the page
Go to https://jlcpcb.com
If you want, log in (it is not required to get a quote, but it is required to place an order).
2. Go to Quote
Click on "Quote Now" or "Quote PCB".
You will see a screen like the one in your image.
3. Upload Gerber file
Click on the blue "Add Gerber file" button.
- It must be a ZIP file (recommended).
- It contains the Gerber files exported from KiCad, Eagle, etc.
- Wait a few seconds for the design to load automatically.
4. Configure your PCB
After uploading the file, JLCPCB automatically detects some parameters. Review and adjust them.
Basic parameters
- Size: Automatically detected
- Layers: 1 or 2 (usually 2)
- Base material: FR-4
- Thickness: 1.6 mm
- Color: Green, red, black, etc.
- Quantity: For example, 5
Additional options
- Surface Finish: HASL
- Via Covering: Default
- Silkscreen: White or black
- Special options: Not required for beginners
5. View the quote
- Base price
- Manufacturing time
- Additional costs if options are modified
6. Calculate shipping
- Click on "Save to Cart"
- Go to the cart
- Enter your address
- Choose the shipping method
7. Review and order
- Preview your PCB
- Check layers carefully
- Proceed to Checkout and Pay
Important Tips
- Always upload a ZIP file
- Check that tracks are complete
- Verify drill holes
- Use the 3D preview tool
- If it is your first time, keep default settings
Complete workflow summary
- Export Gerber files
- Upload ZIP to JLCPCB
- Review parameters
- View price
- Add to cart
- Choose shipping
- Pay
JLCPCB.
JLCPCB.
JLCPCB.
Tests on the milling machine
To perform the tests with the CNC machine, we began by using the sample file provided in class. We then used FlatCAM software to import the image and verify that the design loaded correctly.
Once the file was imported, we proceeded to configure the tool. In this case, a 0.1 mm, 30° V-shaped end mill was selected. Next, the machine parameters were defined, including the XY and Z axis speeds, the tool diameter, the depth of cut, and the safety heights for travel between operations.
The X and Y axis movements were set to 45 steps per millimeter, while the Z axis movements were set to 15 steps per millimeter. A depth of cut of -0.05 mm was used, suitable for removing the material in a single pass. A safety height of 2 mm was also defined on the Z axis for travel between points.
For cutting the plate, a four-flute milling cutter with a 2.0 mm diameter was used, adjusting the specific parameters for this operation.
Once the toolpaths were generated, the G-code file was exported from FlatCAM and sent to the CNC machine for execution. The corresponding file was selected on the machine, and the machining process began.
Upon completion, the work area was cleaned, and the results were inspected to identify potential process improvements.
Evidence Gallery
Preparing the file in FlatCAM
Preparing the file in FlatCAM
Preparing the file in Flatcam
Preparing the file in FlatCAM
file in FlatCAM
file in Flatcam
file in FlatCAM
file in FlatCAM
file in FlatCAM
Testing on the milling machine
Testing on the milling machine.
Testing on the milling machine.
Group Conclusion
As a group, we gained a comprehensive understanding of the printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing process, from file preparation to final machining using the CNC machine. Through collaborative work, we were able to explore and adjust different parameters, allowing us to achieve more precise results and avoid common errors during the process.
We also strengthened our skills in using digital tools like FlatCAM and operating manufacturing equipment, understanding the importance of proper setup and planning. The exchange of knowledge and collaborative problem-solving were key to improving our performance and optimizing the results.
Overall, this experience allowed us to consolidate our technical knowledge, foster teamwork, and develop greater confidence to individually design and manufacture our own PCBs.
CNC TT3018
SNAPMAKER
Testing on the milling machine.
Individual Assignment
| Artículo | Componentes | Cantidad |
|---|---|---|
| Microcontrolador | ESP32-C3 (XIAO ESP32-C3) | 1 |
| Sensor de temperatura y humedad | DHT11 | 1 |
| Sensor de luz | LDR | 1 |
| Actuador | Servomotor | 1 |
| Pantalla | OLED (I2C) | 1 |
| Interruptor | Switch SPDT | 1 |
| LED indicador | LED | 1 |
| Resistencia | Resistor | 1 |
| Conector de batería | Entrada 5V | 1 |
| Pines externos | Header de pines | 1 |
General Features
3-in-1 Technology: 3D Printing + Laser Cutting + CNC
Frame: All-metal construction (aluminum)
Design: Modular (interchangeable tools)
Display: 5-inch touchscreen
Connectivity: WiFi, USB, USB flash drive
Software: Snapmaker Luban
CNC Features (Snapmaker A350T)
Work area: 320 × 350 × 275 mm
Spindle speed: 6,000 – 12,000 RPM
Compatible tool diameter: 0.5 mm – 6.35 mm (ER11 collet)
Clamping system: MDF base with clamps
Machining type: CNC milling and engraving
Compatible Materials
Wood
Acrylic
PCB (electronic boards)
Carbon fiber
POM and other plastics
Functions
Contour cutting
Surface engraving
PCB manufacturing
Carving of soft materials
SNAPMAKER
Testing on the milling machine
The steps followed in this process were as follows: first, the PCB design was created using KiCad. Once the design was completed, the Gerber files were exported, which contain the necessary information for manufacturing the board.
Next, the Gerber files were imported into FlatCAM, where the machining parameters were configured, such as tool diameter, cutting depth, and feed rate. After this configuration, the G-code was generated both for engraving the PCB traces and for cutting the board outline.
The generated G-code was then transferred to the CNC machine. Before starting the machining process, the copper-clad board (baquelite) was carefully placed and securely fixed on the machine bed to ensure stability and precision.
Once everything was properly set up, the CNC machine was operated to mill the traces according to the design. The machine followed the G-code instructions to accurately carve the circuit paths on the board.
Finally, the soldering process was carried out. Although it can be complex, with careful handling, proper tools, and attention to detail, it is possible to achieve good results and ensure correct electrical connections between the components.
cDry chemical fire extinguisher available near the work area.
Marked safety line and controlled machine area.
cDry chemical fire extinguisher available near the work area.
Marked safety line and controlled machine area.
cDry chemical fire extinguisher available near the work area.
Marked safety line and controlled machine area.
difficulties
The TT3018 CNC machine is not recommended for this type of work. Although different versions and quality levels exist, the unit I worked with exhibited constant connection problems and electrical noise, causing the machine to stop or disconnect during the machining process. According to my research, other users have also reported similar issues. Despite this, I made multiple attempts using Candle software to read and execute G-code, testing different configurations and reducing the complexity of the toolpaths; however, the problem persisted. Both individually and as a group, various solutions were attempted to resolve these issues, but the failures continued to appear during the process, preventing stable operation. One positive aspect worth highlighting is its height map calibration system, which allows for testing the Z-axis across the entire work area, proving especially useful for machining PCBs. However, despite various attempts and adjustments, the machine continued to malfunction, preventing the process from being completed properly. Therefore, the next step will be to use a different machine that guarantees greater stability and accuracy in order to fulfill the assignment.
Testing on the milling machine.
Reflection
On an individual level, this experience presented a significant challenge, as it involved learning new tools and overcoming technical difficulties during machining. Despite the problems encountered with the TT3018 CNC machine, I gained a deeper understanding of the complete PCB manufacturing workflow, from design in KiCad and Gerber file generation to processing in FlatCAM and preparing the G-code. This process also allowed me to develop analytical and problem-solving skills by experimenting with different configurations and alternatives to achieve a better result. Although the expected outcome wasn't achieved with this machine, the experience was valuable, as it reinforced my understanding of the process and the importance of having suitable and well-calibrated equipment. Finally, this stage provides me with a solid foundation to continue developing my final project, enabling me to make better technical decisions and optimize future electronic manufacturing processes.