Electronics design

OH no!
Soldering Again...

To download Kicad click here!

To start using Kicad you must manage the symbol and footprint libraries and configure paths
You can download the libraries Here

There are different design programs but. Kicad is much easier and free.
The first thing I did was click on "Manage preferences" and added the "Fab.kikad_sym" folder
NOTE: this is to download symbols

Now, to manage FOOTPRINTS we repeat the process but we are going to name the folder the same as the symbols folder but in lower case and we add the folder "fab.pretty"

There are three files that we are loading because we need them, the schematic, the FOOTPRINT and the 3D model.
Now, for the 3D model we are going to configure the PATHS so, we open the paths configuration and add the entire folder and name it in capital letters.

We open a new project and name it whatever we want, in this case we will do a test with an electronic classic; an ATTINY 45V

Let´s practice with an ATTINY

To begin, we open our project and view 2 windows: PCB and schematic. We will start with the schematic by double clicking on it.
NOTE: Think of the schematic as if it were a plan.
To add symbols we use the menu on the right. (The triangular symbol marked in blue)
For this example, we decided to include
- 3 LEDs and their respective resistors
- 1 button and its respective resistance

GROUND and VOLTAGE

How to connect it with PINS?
Since many of the components need to be grounded, we are going to use the ground symbol that appears in the menu on the right to reference all of those components.
Invisible Bridges: To bridge the circuit without intertwining the connections, I can use references. In this case, we made the BUTTON reference with the option in the menu with the symbol "A"

CAPACITORS

The capacitors serve to filter voltage and ground, in this case, we include a capacitor between the pins and the microcontroller.
We can select "Electrical rules checker" in the INSPECT menu and click "RUN" to see if there are any errors in our design. Now, it's not all errors, KICAD makes observations about some anomaly that is not necessarily an error, but rather some characteristics of the design.
To program the microcontroller, we can use a USB connector but in this case we will use jumpered Programming PINS referenced in the correct order to program it.

Once the schematic is ready, we open the board editor and import the schematic with the "Tools" menu and move all the components to give them an ideal order.
The menu on the right shows us layers that indicate how we are going to machine the plate, for example.
F.C.u. to view the first layer of copper
F.Silkscreen to display or hide component labels
F.Fab For this exercise we also hide this layer so that the board is cleaner.

Once we arrange the components, we wire them with the cable tool and to configure the design rules we open the "FILE / Board Configuration" menu
NOTE: We can also edit the track size in its own drop-down menu.
Now, to create the cut line, we select "Edge CUTS" in the layers menu and with the drawing tool we create a rectangle around the design.
We use the "Margin" layer to establish a diameter of 1 mm distance so that it cuts on the outside and with the "User Drawings" layer we create a rectangle that covers the entire design, that way, when we export we can select only the margin.

We export the file as SVG and process it with "MODS" so that it can be cut with the MINIMILL
NOTE: Kicad allows you to view the 3D model