The project is a water treatment and water quality and liquid level sensors will be used to monitor and control the quality of the water supply. These sensors will collect data on different parameters, such as the presence of impurities and the level of liquid in the storage tanks. The collected data will be sent to the cloud, where it will be stored securely and available for access in real time

Summary Sheet

Operation Video

Identification of the problem

In the city of Pillco Marca, the water supply has notable impurities when collected from the tap, especially during and after maintenance and treatment periods in the reservoirs. The water supplied can arrive dirty and cloudy, forcing residents to let the water run until it is cleaned. Additionally, when collecting water, it is common to have to let it sit so that it settles a whitish color, which raises serious concerns about its quality and safety for human consumption.

The presence of impurities, identified by white particles and sediment in the pots, raises not only health concerns but also challenges in terms of quality of life for the residents of Pillcomarca. This often overlooked issue has a direct impact on community well-being.

The lack of an adequate filtration system in the home contributes to the persistence of this problem. Consequently, I propose the development of a project that comprehensively addresses the improvement of water supply in homes. This project will seek to design, implement and test an accessible and effective filtration system that can be adopted by me and then transferred to the inhabitants of the city.

Final project design

ODS(Sustainable Development Goals) - ODS No. 6 "Clean water and sanitation"

This project is closely related to Sustainable Development Goal number 6, which seeks to guarantee the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. By addressing the quality of water supply and promoting safe drinking practices, the project directly contributes to achieving this goal. By improving access to clean, safe water, the risk of water-related diseases can be significantly reduced and the quality of life of affected communities improved. Furthermore, by promoting sustainable water management practices, the project also contributes to the conservation and protection of water resources for future generations.

Project description

By facing this challenge, I not only aspire to improve water quality in Pillcomarca, but also to empower the community with a practical and sustainable solution. Participation in Fabacademy will provide the tools and knowledge necessary to carry out this project effectively, leveraging innovation and technology for the benefit of the community.

In summary, the problem that I will address is a challenge that I face with great joy and desire to contribute to my city. With this project I want to provide families with quality water free of impurities and my goal is to design and implement a domestic filtration system. that improves the quality of water and, therefore, the quality of life of the residents of this city, the process of which I mention below.

The management of this process will be in charge of a level sensor that will automatically control the opening and closing of the tap, ensuring an effective sedimentation cycle. In addition, pH and water quality sensors will be integrated to evaluate the purity and chemical characteristics of the liquid.

Subsequently, through a pumping system, the treated water will be directed to a second tank, specifically intended for home consumption. This tank will also be equipped with a level sensor and a water quality sensor to ensure the safety and drinkability of the supply.

Real-time data collection will be possible thanks to a central electronic circuit, which will be connected via Wi-Fi. The data collected by the water level and quality sensors will be continuously transmitted to a mobile device, allowing constant monitoring and facilitating informed decision-making about water consumption at home.

This holistic approach will not only provide a reliable supply of clean water, but will also offer an intuitive and accessible user interface to monitor and control parameters in real time, providing a complete and technologically advanced solution for efficient water resource management in the domestic environment.

Setting up project support

Final project diagram

Distribution diagram of sensors and actuators using the XIAO ESP32-C3 for the project

Before starting the electronic design of my project, it is essential to develop a general diagram that specifies the sensors and components that I will integrate. The list of planned sensors and devices includes the following items:

• Electrical conductivity sensor (TDS).
• Turbidity sensor.
• pH sensor.
• water level sensor.
• Pump (to control liquid flow)
• Solenoid valve (to control liquid flow).

Motherboard electronic design

To create the main board of my project, I am using KiCAD software. My goal is to develop an electronic design that allows efficient and well-organized distribution of essential sensors including electrical conductivity sensor (TDS), turbidity sensor, pH sensor, water level sensor, as well as control devices such as pumps. and solenoid valves. Using KiCAD allows me to visualize and design the optimal arrangement of these components, ensuring effective and reliable operation of the entire system.

Electronic production

To manufacture the electronic board for my project, I chose to use a homemade CNC router. This process was especially interesting and rewarding as I was able to customize the production to my specific needs. The CNC router allowed me to carry out precise and detailed cuts in different materials, facilitating the creation of printed circuit boards and other electronic components in an efficient and adaptable manner.

Universal Board Output Pins

Once I finished the process of soldering the components, the electronic board took on the appearance that you can see in the attached image. This step was crucial to complete the assembly stage, ensuring that all elements are correctly integrated into the board and ready for operation.

Electronic design and production of output devices

The design of this electronic card was made with the specific objective of controlling a 220 VAC light bulb, as well as a 220 VAC water pump or a mini pump. The card is designed to provide safe and efficient power management and control functions for these high-power devices.

Thanks to the functionality integrated into the KiCAD software, we can obtain a 3D representation of the designed control module. This feature allows us to view the layout of the electronic board from different angles and perspectives, making it easier to evaluate the arrangement of components and check for possible assembly problems or interferences.

After having completed the manufacturing of the electronic board, the next step is to carry out extensive tests to verify its operation and ensure its quality. These tests are essential to identify any possible failure in the components or in the connection of the board.

Connection between the motherboard and the output device.

Connecting the Turbidity sensor via serial

For communication via Serial, I used the turbidity sensor, which will be evaluated with different types of water during the tests.

Turbidity test

Test with different types of water using serial connection, which is detailed below.

Code

#define Turbidy_sensor A0 int TurbidySensorValue = 0; int TurbidySensorValue1 = 0; float Tension = 0.0; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); // Velocidad de comunicación Serial.println("Prueba de lectura del sensor de turbidez"); Serial.println("========================================"); Serial.println(" "); Serial.println("Lectura analogica\tTension"); Serial.println("-----------------\t-------"); } void loop() { TurbidySensorValue = analogRead(Turbidy_sensor); // Lectura del pin analógico 0 Tension = (TurbidySensorValue*0.254409) * (5.0 / 1024.0); // Mapeo de la lectura analógica TurbidySensorValue1=analogRead(Turbidy_sensor)*0.254409; //Envio de valores y textos al terminal serie Serial.print(TurbidySensorValue1); Serial.print("\t\t\t"); Serial.print(Tension); Serial.println(" V"); delay(1000); }

The following images show the testing process carried out with different types of water.

Turbidity table

Clean Water	Curcuma	Cafe
5V	3.10V	1.34V
5V	3.27V	1.59V
5V	3.10V	1.66V
5V	3.24V	2.15V
5V	3.02V	2.00V

This table indicates that when the water is cleaner, the measured voltage will be maximum, as it was calibrated at the 5V supplied to the XIAO. Likewise, as the water becomes more cloudy, the measured value will be lower.

Project communication

Communication via Wifi IOT cloud Test

The following image illustrates how communication via WiFi with the Arduino IoT Cloud platform will be configured and will work in the project.

Code

#include "thingProperties.h" #define valve1 2 #define Turbidy_sensor 3 int TurbidySensorValue = 0; int TurbidySensorValue1 = 0; float Tension = 0.0; void setup() { // Initialize serial and wait for port to open: Serial.begin(9600); // This delay gives the chance to wait for a Serial Monitor without blocking if none is found pinMode(Turbidy_sensor,INPUT); pinMode(valve1,OUTPUT); delay(1500); // Defined in thingProperties.h initProperties(); // Connect to Arduino IoT Cloud ArduinoCloud.begin(ArduinoIoTPreferredConnection); setDebugMessageLevel(2); ArduinoCloud.printDebugInfo(); } void loop() { ArduinoCloud.update(); // Your code here TurbidySensorValue = analogRead(Turbidy_sensor); // Lectura del pin analógico 0 Tension = (TurbidySensorValue*0.254409) * (5.0 / 1024.0); // Mapeo de la lectura analógica tURBIDITY=analogRead(Turbidy_sensor)*0.254409; //Envio de valores y textos al terminal serie Serial.print(tURBIDITY); } /* Since VALVE is READ_WRITE variable, onVALVEChange() is executed every time a new value is received from IoT Cloud. */ void onVALVEChange() { // Add your code here to act upon VALVE change if(vALVE) { digitalWrite(valve1,HIGH); Serial.println("ON"); } else { digitalWrite(valve1,LOW); Serial.println("OFF"); } }

Improved code

#include <WiFi.h> #include <PubSubClient.h> #include <DHT.h> // Definiciones y variables del sensor DHT22 #define DHTPIN 4 #define DHTTYPE DHT22 DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); // Definiciones y variables del sensor de turbidez #define Turbidity_sensor A0 float Tension = 0.0; float NTU = 0.0; // Definiciones y variables del sensor de TDS #define TdsSensorPin A1 #define VREF 5.0 #define SCOUNT 30 int analogBuffer[SCOUNT]; int analogBufferTemp[SCOUNT]; int analogBufferIndex = 0, copyIndex = 0; float averageVoltage = 0, tdsValue = 0, waterTemperature = 25; // Definiciones y variables del sensor de nivel de agua y la electroválvula #define WaterLevelPin 5 #define ValvePin 10 bool isValveOpen = false; WiFiClient esp32Client; PubSubClient mqttClient(esp32Client); const char* ssid = "GALAXY12"; const char* password = "rgm12345"; const char* mqtt_server = "broker.emqx.io"; const int mqtt_port = 1883; const char* temperatura_topic = "SALIDA/01/temperatura"; const char* humedad_topic = "SALIDA/01/humedad"; const char* turbidez_topic = "SALIDA/01/turbidez"; const char* tds_topic = "SALIDA/01/tds"; const char* water_level_topic = "SALIDA/01/nivel_agua"; const char* valve_state_topic = "SALIDA/01/estado_valvula"; void wifiInit() { Serial.print("Conectándose a "); Serial.println(ssid); WiFi.begin(ssid, password); while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { Serial.print("."); delay(500); } Serial.println(""); Serial.println("Conectado a WiFi"); Serial.println("Dirección IP: "); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); } void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) { // Tu función de callback } void reconnect() { while (!mqttClient.connected()) { Serial.print("Intentando conectarse MQTT..."); if (mqttClient.connect("ESP32Client")) { Serial.println("Conectado"); mqttClient.subscribe(temperatura_topic); mqttClient.subscribe(humedad_topic); mqttClient.subscribe(turbidez_topic); mqttClient.subscribe(tds_topic); mqttClient.subscribe(water_level_topic); mqttClient.subscribe(valve_state_topic); } else { Serial.print("Fallo, rc="); Serial.print(mqttClient.state()); Serial.println(" intentar de nuevo en 5 segundos"); delay(5000); } } } float square(float x) { return x * x; } float redondeo(float p_entera, int p_decimal) { float multiplicador = powf(10.0f, p_decimal); p_entera = roundf(p_entera * multiplicador) / multiplicador; return p_entera; } int getMedianNum(int bArray[], int iFilterLen) { int bTab[iFilterLen]; for (byte i = 0; i < iFilterLen; i++) bTab[i] = bArray[i]; int i, j, bTemp; for (j = 0; i < iFilterLen - 1; j++) { for (i = 0; i < iFilterLen - j - 1; i++) { if (bTab[i] > bTab[i + 1]) { bTemp = bTab[i]; bTab[i] = bTab[i + 1]; bTab[i + 1] = bTemp; } } } if ((iFilterLen & 1) > 0) bTemp = bTab[(iFilterLen - 1) / 2]; else bTemp = (bTab[iFilterLen / 2] + bTab[iFilterLen / 2 - 1]) / 2; return bTemp; } void readAndPublishDHT() { float temperature = dht.readTemperature(); float humidity = dht.readHumidity(); if (isnan(temperature) || isnan(humidity)) { Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!"); return; } char tempData[10]; char humData[10]; dtostrf(temperature, 4, 2, tempData); dtostrf(humidity, 4, 2, humData); mqttClient.publish(temperatura_topic, tempData); mqttClient.publish(humedad_topic, humData); Serial.print("Temperatura: "); Serial.print(temperature); Serial.println(" °C"); Serial.print("Humedad: "); Serial.print(humidity); Serial.println(" %"); } void readAndPublishTurbidity() { Tension = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) { Tension += (((float)analogRead(Turbidity_sensor) / 1024) * 5) * 0.2544; } Tension = Tension / 500; Tension = redondeo(Tension, 1); if (Tension < 2.5) { NTU = 3000; } else { NTU = -1120.4 * square(Tension) + 5742.3 * Tension - 4352.9; } char turbidezData[10]; dtostrf(NTU, 4, 2, turbidezData); mqttClient.publish(turbidez_topic, turbidezData); Serial.print("Tensión: "); Serial.print(Tension); Serial.print(" V\t"); Serial.print("NTU: "); Serial.println(NTU); } void readAndPublishTDS() { static unsigned long analogSampleTimepoint = millis(); if (millis() - analogSampleTimepoint > 40U) { analogSampleTimepoint = millis(); analogBuffer[analogBufferIndex] = analogRead(TdsSensorPin); analogBufferIndex++; if (analogBufferIndex == SCOUNT) { analogBufferIndex = 0; } } static unsigned long printTimepoint = millis(); if (millis() - printTimepoint > 800U) { printTimepoint = millis(); for (copyIndex = 0; copyIndex < SCOUNT; copyIndex++) { analogBufferTemp[copyIndex] = analogBuffer[copyIndex]; } averageVoltage = getMedianNum(analogBufferTemp, SCOUNT) * (float)VREF / 1024.0; float compensationCoefficient = 1.0 + 0.02 * (waterTemperature - 25.0); float compensationVoltage = averageVoltage / compensationCoefficient; tdsValue = (133.42 * compensationVoltage * compensationVoltage * compensationVoltage - 255.86 * compensationVoltage * compensationVoltage + 857.39 * compensationVoltage) * 0.5; char tdsData[10]; dtostrf(tdsValue, 4, 2, tdsData); mqttClient.publish(tds_topic, tdsData); Serial.print("TDS Value: "); Serial.print(tdsValue, 0); Serial.println(" ppm"); } } void checkWaterLevel() { bool waterLevelHigh = digitalRead(WaterLevelPin) == LOW; // Suponiendo que HIGH significa que el tanque está lleno char waterLevelData[10]; dtostrf(waterLevelHigh, 1, 0, waterLevelData); mqttClient.publish(water_level_topic, waterLevelData); Serial.print("Nivel de agua: "); Serial.println(waterLevelHigh ? "ALTO (tanque lleno)" : "BAJO (tanque no lleno)"); if (waterLevelHigh) { if (isValveOpen) { digitalWrite(ValvePin, LOW); // Cierra la electroválvula isValveOpen = false; Serial.println("Electroválvula cerrada - Tanque lleno"); mqttClient.publish(valve_state_topic, "CERRADA"); ////////////////////////////////// } } else { if (!isValveOpen) { digitalWrite(ValvePin, HIGH); // Abre la electroválvula isValveOpen = true; Serial.println("Electroválvula abierta - Llenando tanque"); mqttClient.publish(valve_state_topic, "ABIERTA"); ///////////////// } } } void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); wifiInit(); mqttClient.setServer(mqtt_server, mqtt_port); mqttClient.setCallback(callback); dht.begin(); // Inicializar el sensor DHT22 pinMode(TdsSensorPin, INPUT); pinMode(WaterLevelPin, INPUT); pinMode(ValvePin, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(ValvePin, LOW); // Asegura que la electroválvula esté cerrada al inicio Serial.println("Lectura de sensores y envío de datos a MQTT"); } void loop() { if (!mqttClient.connected()) { reconnect(); } mqttClient.loop(); readAndPublishDHT(); readAndPublishTurbidity(); readAndPublishTDS(); checkWaterLevel(); delay(5000); // Ajusta el delay si es necesario para tus requerimientos }

Communication via MQTTX

Steps to Install EMQX on Windows

Download EMQX for Windows:

• Visit the EMQX download page.
• Select the Windows version and download the .zip file.

Extract the Downloaded File:

• Locate the downloaded .zip file on your computer.
• Right-click the file and select "Extract All..." or use a tool like WinRAR or 7-Zip to extract the contents.

Navigate to Extracted Directory

• Open the folder where you extracted the contents of the .zip file.
• Deberías ver una estructura de carpetas con nombres como bin, etc, lib, log, etc.

Run EMQX:

• In the bin folder, look for a file called emqx.cmd. This file is the one you need to run to start EMQX on Windows.
• Double-click emqx.cmd to run it. If you don't see the .cmd extension, just look for a file called emqx of type "Windows Batch File.

Configuring topics in MQTTX

Dashboard Settings GRAFANA

Steps to install and configure Grafana:

• Go to Grafana Downloads and download the Windows version.

Grafana installation:

• Run the downloaded file and follow the installer instructions.

Start Grafana:

• Once installed, open a command prompt (cmd) and run:
• net start grafana
• Open your web browser and navigate to http://localhost:3000.

Configure Grafana

Login to Grafana:

• The default credentials are user: admin and password: admin.
• You will be prompted to change your password after your first login.

Install the MQTT Datasource Plugin:

• Go to Configuration > Plugins.
• Search for "MQTT Datasource" and click Install.

Configure the MQTT Datasource in Grafana

• Add a New Datasource:
• Go to Configuration > Data sources.
• Click Add data source and select MQTT as the data source type.

Configure the Datasource:

• mqtt://localhost:1883
• Client ID: grafana-client
• Topics: Add the topics you want to subscribe to, such as OUTPUT/01/temperature, OUTPUT/01/humidity, etc.

Implementation process