3. Computer Aided design¶
This week we learn about Computer-Aided Design (CAD).As the name suggests it is being able to design and create using computers. Now i classify them into 2Dimensional (2D) and 3Dimentional (3D),
2D Computer -Aided Design¶
2D or 2Dimensional images are those that consists 2 dimensions namely x axis and y axis
2D Raster:¶
A raster image is one which is created using agrid of pixels(picture elements).Each of these pixels has information which encodes the colour. for example, photographs are composed of pixels.
GIMP¶
GIMP is Free and Open Source Raster Graphic editor used for image retouching and editing ,i feel like it’s open source verison of photoshop.
After dawnloading GIMP on GIMP Website, I installed it on my local computer following steps of installation and when I open it,
I have learnt different tasks you can perform using GIMP software: I have to resize photo.
I saw a lack window then by clicking on File–>New(to create a New file) but you can also Open an existing one like a photo to edit it.
Below, i opened photo in GIMP.I nitially image was having 43.9KB
Right click on image, click image, click scale image, chosose size of your image. below i choose image size width=300px and height =225px
Below the resolution of image changes there fore you have to export to save new file image.
Export image , quality of image is 90 and file size becomes 30.4KB
2D Vector:¶
Vector graphics are computer images created using a sequence of commands or mathematical statements that place lines and shapes in a two dimensional or three dimensional space.
Inkscape¶
Inkscape is a free and open-source vector graphics editor, it can be used to create or edit vector graphics such as illustrations, diagrams, line arts, charts, logos and complex paintings. Inkscape’s primary vector graphics format is Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), however many other formats can be imported and exported like PDF. I found out that inkscape is little bit harder than Adobe illustrator and Corel draw. But Inkscape is really capable to do complex designs, that i doesn’t feel in open-source raster designing tools like Gimp and Krita. I did laser cutting before So, I decided to design a simple bag tag for my travel backpack that i can cut it out with a laser cutter.
I used inkspace in 2D vector design; i have downloaded inkspace software using link
I design Rack which i will use in final project to be used by stepper motor
Below,i open inkscape and i set working space,On interface select file click document and properties, choose size for me width=1414mm and height=1000mm
Belo i draw rack round gear, on interface click extension,select Rander,select gear clic number of teeth=16, circular pitch(tooth size)= 30mm pressure angle(degrees)=20.
Below, select sketch
Below,I insert small inner cicle diameter =10mm where shaft of stepper will be fixed.
I designed google chrome logo using tutorials on youtube view the link
I have used Inkscape in design google chrome logo. I opened inkscape and i started creating cicle in red color, length of 100mm and width of width of 100mm.
I dublicate in the centre of circle with white circle of length 45mm and width of 45mm.i also dublicate in the cetre with blue circle of lengtth 36mm and width of 36mm then i made
Go to path in interface and select path object,select the two segments with the NODES tool in between 120 degrees and overlap the segment and select the difference in interface then Dublicate other colors blue and yellow.
To create shadows, the process is the same as before only rotation is 15 degrees, move rotation crosshair to this node.select intersection and color it with gray and remove stroke.make dublicate to other to sides.
3D Computer-Aided Design¶
In geometry,a three-dimensional shape can be defined as asolid figure or an object or shape that has three dimensional-length,width and height. Unlike two-dimensional shapes,three-dimensional shapes have thickness or depth. For creating and playing with the vector desigh, i found SOLID WORKS and FREECAD are easier to work with. There are several tutorials available over web for the solidworks and freecad designing softwares which are very helpful. For the biginners there are many videos available which can be referred during the course of exploring the softwares to work on.Initially,it was difficult to get usedto working on these softwares but slowly and steadly i some how found a way and started with normal designs and ways to make some 3d images with different shapes. The structures i chose were agate and fan in solid works and a ring in freecad and the i tried with different positions as explained in the images below.
3D solidworks:¶
Solid works is an amazing 3D modeling tools for professional. Most industrial product designers are using solid works. Solid work is mainly foucused industrial and mechanical designers. Some tools in solid work is same as freecad. So, its easy to understand the solid works workspace. When i comparing with fusion 360freecad i missed cloud rendering. But solid works support vray and keyshot plugins for rendering. But some part Vray and Keyshot doesn’t support cloud rendering. A person who do not have a good configration PC and need to do rendering, I think it might be a problem!. But in other hand Solid work is a great great tool. Here is a 3d model i designed with solid works !
I designed gate which i will use in my final project
I opened solidworks software, i select new part, select sketch,i draw rectangle with length 210mm and width 110mm.
From interface click extrude base i choose dimmension of 5mm, from face i draw sketch with dimmension 8mm and i click extrude cut.
Below, from interface click linear patern choose instances=13, spacing=15.15mm and choose direction.
Below, make extrude cut.I draw bearing surface which has diameter=4mm, height=8mm located at 35mm from edge.
Below draw pair where bearing will be fixed ,Make extrude base 0f 5mm dimmension.
Below, From tool bar , click sketch,click mirror entities, select surface to mirror.
Below is final design of gate.
I designed propeller and fan. I designed fan using tutorials on youtube view the link
I draw two circles inner circle with diameter 15mm and outer circle 35mm from inner circle i made trim entities.
From above sketch i made extrude boss/base of 45mm
From sketch above i draw spline on sketch which has length of 45mm
From sketch above i extruded boss/base spline for 2mm dimesion
From skecth above i made circular pattern for 5fins around 360 degrees.
Insert, features,flex and twist 60 degrees.
3D freecad:¶
i designed a ring. I designed a ring using tutorials on youtube view the link
1.Open freecad software click sketch click XY plane.
2.click circle from screen interface draw two circles inner circle has radius 20mm and outer has radius of 23mm.
I extrude the sketch 20mm, select part in interface, select cylinder and placement of radius of 5mm in the center about 90 degrees about x-axis
make holes select surface x- axis 0.00mm y -axis -5.oomm z- axis 5.oomm select ring then cutter, cylinder in tool bar select cut
Then to make 6 holes select draft in ward punch, then go to tool bar select polar array then select 6 elements.
Change word draft word punch to part, select ring, array, then cut
ALL FILES Here I am uploading the files that i have been making this week