Week 07 — CNC Machine Characterization

Group Assignment

During the group assignment we performed the characterization of the CNC machining process available in the laboratory. The objective was to understand the complete manufacturing workflow using the laboratory CNC router, from the digital design stage to the generation of machine code and the execution of the machining process.

This activity allowed us to analyze the different elements involved in the machining process, including:

  • Safety training
  • Machine characteristics
  • Available cutting tools
  • CAD–CAM–CNC workflow
  • Machining parameters
  • Cutting strategies

Understanding this process is essential to correctly prepare files before executing a cut on the CNC machine.

Safety Training

Operating a CNC router involves high-speed rotating tools and moving mechanical components, therefore strict safety procedures must be followed.

Personal Safety Measures

Before operating the CNC machine, the following precautions must be taken:

  • Wear safety glasses to protect against flying debris.
  • Avoid loose clothing, jewelry, or long hair near the spindle.
  • Use hearing protection when necessary.
  • Ensure the dust extraction system is active during cutting.
  • Never leave the machine unattended while operating.

Machine Safety

Before starting a job:

  • Verify that the workpiece is securely fixed to the table.
  • Check that the tool is correctly tightened in the collet.
  • Confirm that the correct toolpath and material settings are loaded.
  • Perform a dry run simulation if necessary.

Emergency procedures include using the emergency stop button to immediately halt machine operation if an issue occurs.

Machine Used

The laboratory is equipped with an i2R CNC router, a numerical control machine mainly used for machining sheet materials such as wood, MDF, OSB, and some plastics.

The machine has an approximate working area of 60 × 90 cm, which defines the maximum size of the material that can be machined in a single operation.

The main characteristics of the machine include:

  • Three-axis controlled motion (X, Y and Z)
  • High-speed spindle
  • G-code based control
  • Flat working table for fixing boards
  • Compatibility with different cutting tools
  • Dust extraction system