Week 4. Group / Embedded Programming¶

This is group assignment page for West harima student :

Student¶

Koharu Takeda

group assignment¶

demonstrate and compare the toolchains and development workflows
for available embedded architectures

In this week’s group assignment, we are discussing with the instructor and comparing some of the things that might be useful for Final Project.
alt text

1.Comparison¶

We compared microcontrollers and boards that we would like to try in the Final project.

name	MCU	Company	year	number of gpio	number of adc	On-chip peripherals	type/Core Processor	prog.mem	data mem	ram	cpu
ATtiny412-SSNR	ATtiny412	Microchip Technology	2019	6	6		8-bit/AVR	4kb	256b	128b	20MHz
ATtiny414-SSN	ATtiny414	Microchip Technology	2020	12	10	I2C,IrDA,LINbus,SPI,UART,USART	8-bit/AVR	4kb	512b	256b	20MHz
Xiao ESP32C3	FSP32-C3	Seeed Studio	2021	11	3	I2C,SPI,UART,Wifi(2.4GHz),Bluetooth LE	32-bit/RISC-V	4mb	400b	384kb	160MHz
Rasp berry pi pico	RP2040	Raspberry Pi Foundation	2021	26	3	2 x I2c,2 x SPI,2 x UART,PIO	32-bit/ARM Cortex-M0+	2mb	264b	264kb	133 MHz

2.terminology¶

I tried to learn about words I didn’t understand.

gpio: A digital signal input/output port (I/O port).
adc: A device that converts analog signals into digital signals.
Bits: The smallest unit of data that a computer handles.
prog.mem: Memory used to store programs, similar to how data is stored.
data mem: A component that records data; when referring to memory in a computer, it typically means RAM.
ram: A type of memory (storage area) that allows for random read/write (access).
cpu: Central Processing Unit (the lower its performance, the slower the computer will operate).

LED Blink¶

3.XIAO ESP32C3¶

-Features-

Powerful CPU: ESP32-C3, 32bit RISC-V singlecore processor that operates at up to 160 MHz
Complete WiFi subsystem: Complies with IEEE 802.11b/g/n protocol and supports Station mode, SoftAP mode, SoftAP + Station mode, and promiscuous mode
Bluetooth LE subsystem: Supports features of Bluetooth 5 and Bluetooth mesh
Ultra-Low Power: Deep sleep power consumption is about 43μA
Better RF performance: External RF antenna included
Battery charging chip: Supports lithium battery charge and discharge management
Rich on-chip resources: 400KB of SRAM, and 4MB of on-board flash memory
Ultra small size: As small as a thumb(21x17.8mm) XIAO series classic form-factor for wearable devices and small projects
Reliable security features: Cryptographic hardware accelerators that support AES-128/256, Hash, RSA, HMAC, digital signature and secure boot
Rich interfaces: 1xI2C, 1xSPI, 2xUART, 11xGPIO(PWM), 4xADC, 1xJTAG bonding pad interface
Single-sided components, surface mounting design

Reference seeed XIAO

-mainstream language-

C / C++: Ideal for development with ESP-IDF and Arduino IDE
MicroPython: Lightweight Python implementation for easy script development

3.0 Read the datasheet ESP32 datasheet

3.1 pinout

alt text

Component overview

alt text

Reference seeed XIAO

3.2 Programming with Arduino IDE(LED Blink)

Download : Arduino IDE

alt text

3.3 environment setting

Search for ESP32 in the library and install Arduino_ESP32_OTA

alt text

Open board from tool and select XIAO_ESP32C3 from ESP32

alt text

Open port from tool and select /dev/cu.usmodem14101.

alt text

3.4 programming

I have tried the following code.

//ESP32 Lesson 02 LED Blink
//ESP32 Confirmation of sketch writing
//https://omoroya.com/

void setup() {
  pinMode(D6, OUTPUT);    //Pin D6 is designated as Output
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH); //LED ON(D6pin：HIGH)
  delay(1000);            //1 second wait
  digitalWrite(D6, LOW);  //LED OFF(D6pin：LOW)
  delay(1000);            //1 second wait
}

Introduction to ESP32 Lesson 02 Arduino IDE Settings and LED Blink reference.

I tried but the LED does not light up…。
So I tried the code from Adrian.

//Fab Academy 2023 - Fab Lab León
//Button + LED                           
//Fab-Xiao
//
//Original code:Neil Gershenfeld 12/8/19
// This work may be reproduced, modified, distributed,
// performed, and displayed for any purpose, but must
// acknowledge this project. Copyright is retained and
// must be preserved. The work is provided as is; no
// warranty is provided, and users accept all liability.
//


const int ledPin1 = D6;//first light  RP2040 pin 0 or ESP32-C3 pin D6 
const int buttonPin = D7;// button pin  RP2040 pin 1 or ESP32-C3 pin D7 
int buttonState = 0;//initial state of the button
int i = 0; //variable intensity led

void setup() { //declaration of inputs and outputs
  pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}
void loop() {
  buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);// we read the state of the button
  if (buttonState == HIGH) { //if we press the button
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
  delay(500);                       
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);    
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
  delay(500);                       
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);    
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
  delay(2000);                        
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);    
  delay(1000);

}
  else {  //if we don't press the button
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);
  }
}

It doesn’t glow either....
After consulting with the instructor, he advised me that there might be a problem with the board I used, and when I checked, the LEDs were installed with LED reversed polarity .

alt text

Put it back on again and write the code for Adrian…
It worked!

Next, we changed the value so that it blinks every 0.2 seconds.

alt text

//Fab Academy 2023 - Fab Lab León
//Button + LED                           
//Fab-Xiao
//
//Original code:Neil Gershenfeld 12/8/19
// This work may be reproduced, modified, distributed,
// performed, and displayed for any purpose, but must
// acknowledge this project. Copyright is retained and
// must be preserved. The work is provided as is; no
// warranty is provided, and users accept all liability.
//


const int ledPin1 = D6;//first light  RP2040 pin 0 or ESP32-C3 pin D6 
const int buttonPin = D7;// button pin  RP2040 pin 1 or ESP32-C3 pin D7 
int buttonState = 0;//initial state of the button
int i = 0; //variable intensity led

void setup() { //declaration of inputs and outputs
  pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}
void loop() {
  buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);// we read the state of the button
  if (buttonState == HIGH) { //if we press the button
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
  delay(200);                       
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);    
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
  delay(200);                       
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);    
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
  delay(200);                        
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);    
  delay(200);

}
  else {  //if we don't press the button
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);
  }
}

Success!

-Reference Links-

4.Seeed Studio XIAO RP2040¶

-Features-

Ultra-compact (20 x 17.5 mm) board with RP2040 microcontroller
Dual-core Cortex-M0+ (133 MHz operation)
2MB Flash, 264KB SRAM
USB-C port (for power and writing)
11 GPIOs (ADC, PWM, I²C, SPI, UART support)
3.3V operation (5V not supported)
Arduino / MicroPython / CircuitPython compatible

-mainstream language-

Python (for beginners, data analysis, AI, web)
JavaScript (web development, front-end and back-end with Node.js)
C / C++ (embedded, games, system programs)

4.0 Read the datasheet Seeed Studio XIAO RP2040

4.1　pinout

alt text

4.2 Programming in Thonny Download : Thonny

alt text

Open and install the file.

alt text

4.3 environment setting
Changed to Micro Python (Raspberry Pi Pico)

alt text

4.4 Programming
After looking at several sites, I asked ChatGPT (GPT-4) the following question

Teach me the code to make the LED blink every second on the Raspberry Pi Pico.

I then used the responses.

alt text

from machine import Pin
from time import sleep

led = Pin(25, Pin.OUT) # LEDs on Pico board

while True:
    led.toggle()
    sleep(1)  # Flashes every second

4.5 Upload the codes by clicking the “Run current script” button.

alt text

When it works well, the LED light turns on and off once per second. And the increasing number of outputs is also displayed in the shell.

-Reference Links-

impressions¶

LED Blink is not that difficult, so I felt it was beginner-friendly.
Since I did not write the program from scratch myself this time, I felt I needed to learn more.