embedded programming

Group assignments

demonstrate and compare the toolchains and development workflows
for available embedded architectures

My group assignments

west-harima week-assignments 04

Individual　Assignments

browse through the data sheet for your microcontroller
write a program for a microcontroller, and simulate its operation, to interact (with local input &/or output devices) and communicate (with remote wired or wireless connections)
extra credit: test it on a development board
extra credit: try different languages &/or development environments

Have you answered these questions?

Linked to the group assignment page
Documented how you made the toolpath
Documented how you made (milled, stuffed, soldered) the board
Documented that your board is functional
Explained any problems and how you fixed them
Uploaded your source code
Included a ‘hero shot’ of your board

PC working environment

PC: MacBook Pro(16-inch,2019)
OS: Sonoma 14.7.2
Terminal: zsh

hero video

I created a Fab XIAO board designed by Adrian and used Adrian's code as a reference!

simulation

We learned that the simulation method, which is easier and more accurate to try, is more convenient because of physical problems such as bad connections and lack of reproducibility in the method we tried with the breakout board. Therefore, we decided to use WOKWI to simulate microcontrollers and boards that may be used in the final project.

1.Wokwi - XIAO ESP32C3

1.0 Access WOKWI.

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1.1 Select ESP32 -> XIAO ESP32-c3

1.2 Modify the circuit to the circuit you want to try.

1.3 Write the program.
This time we used the Adrian code used in 3.4. 1.4 Click on Start the simulation.
It glowed! The simulation is a success.

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2.Wokwi - Raspberry Pi Pico Simulator

2.0 Access WOKWI

2.1 Select Pi Pico ->Blink (MicroPython Examples)

2.2 Modify the circuit to the circuit you want to try.

2.3 Write the program
This time we used the code used in 4.4.

2.4 Click on Start the simulation.
It glowed! The simulation is a success.

-Reference Links- Let's run Arduino in your browser!　Part 1 What is Wokwi? (in Japanese)

L-chica　　(L-chica is LEDb link in Japanese)

After the simulation, we actually tried using XIAO ESP32C3 and Arduino IDE.

3.XIAO ESP32C3

tool chain :XIAO ESP32C3
IDE : Arduino IDE

- data sheet Reference -

-Features-

Powerful CPU: ESP32-C3, 32bit RISC-V singlecore processor that operates at up to 160 MHz
Complete WiFi subsystem: Complies with IEEE 802.11b/g/n protocol and supports Station mode, SoftAP mode, SoftAP + Station mode, and promiscuous mode
Bluetooth LE subsystem: Supports features of Bluetooth 5 and Bluetooth mesh
Ultra-Low Power: Deep sleep power consumption is about 43μA
Better RF performance: External RF antenna included
Battery charging chip: Supports lithium battery charge and discharge management
Rich on-chip resources: 400KB of SRAM, and 4MB of on-board flash memory
Ultra small size: As small as a thumb(21x17.8mm) XIAO series classic form-factor for wearable devices and small projects
Reliable security features: Cryptographic hardware accelerators that support AES-128/256, Hash, RSA, HMAC, digital signature and secure boot
Rich interfaces: 1xI2C, 1xSPI, 2xUART, 11xGPIO(PWM), 4xADC, 1xJTAG bonding pad interface
Single-sided components, surface mounting design

Reference seeed studio

-mainstream language-

C / C++: Ideal for development with ESP-IDF and Arduino IDE
MicroPython: Lightweight Python implementation for easy script development

3.0 Read the data sheet ESP32 datasheet

terminology
gpio	A digital signal input/output port (I/O port).
adc	A device that converts analog signals into digital signals.
Bits	The smallest unit of data that a computer handles.
prog.mem	Memory used to store programs, similar to how data is stored.
data mem	A component that records data; when referring to memory in a computer, it typically means RAM.
ram	A type of memory (storage area) that allows for random read/write (access).
cpu	Central Processing Unit (the lower its performance, the slower the computer will operate).

3.1 pinout

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Component overview

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Reference seeed studio

- set up Arduino -

3.2 Programming with Arduino IDE(LED flashing)

Download : Arduino IDE

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3.3 environment setting

Search for ESP32 in the library and install Arduino_ESP32_OTA

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Open board from tool and select XIAO_ESP32C3 from ESP32

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Open port from tool and select /dev/cu.usmodem14101.

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- programming -

3.4 programming

I have tried the following code.

//ESP32 Lesson 02 LED Blink
//ESP32 Confirmation of sketch writing
//https://omoroya.com/

void setup() {
  pinMode(D6, OUTPUT);    //Pin D6 is designated as Output
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(D6, HIGH); //LED ON(D6pin：HIGH)
  delay(1000);            //1 second wait
  digitalWrite(D6, LOW);  //LED OFF(D6pin：LOW)
  delay(1000);            //1 second wait
}

Code Description
setup()	Function executed only once the first time when SP32 is started
pinMode(6, OUTPUT)	Set GPIO pin 6 to output mode (OUTPUT)
loop()	Functions to be executed repeatedly while ESP32 is running
digitalWrite(6, HIGH);	Turn GPIO pin 6 HIGH (3.3V) to light the LED
delay(1000)	Wait 1000 milliseconds (=1 second)
digitalWrite(6, LOW);	Turn GPIO pin 6 LOW (0V) to turn off the LED

Introduction to ESP32 Lesson 02 Arduino IDE Settings and L-chica reference

I tried but the LED does not light up...。

-Possible Issues-

Check LED connections.
LED orientation → Is the anode (+) connected to GPIO6 and the cathode (-) to GND?

GPIO6 may not be available on some boards.
Depending on the ESP32 board in use, there is a possibility that GPIO6 is used for internal flash and cannot be controlled.

If the code is written correctly
Open the serial monitor of Arduino IDE and check for errors.
Try resetting the ESP32 after writing the sketch

Power supply of the board
GPIO outputs may not work properly if USB power supply is unstable
Try another USB cable or a different USB port on the PC

I tried another code, not sure what caused it. I tried the code from Adrian.

//Fab Academy 2023 - Fab Lab León
//Button + LED                           
//Fab-Xiao
//
//Original code:Neil Gershenfeld 12/8/19
// This work may be reproduced, modified, distributed,
// performed, and displayed for any purpose, but must
// acknowledge this project. Copyright is retained and
// must be preserved. The work is provided as is; no
// warranty is provided, and users accept all liability.
//


const int ledPin1 = D6;//first light  RP2040 pin 0 or ESP32-C3 pin D6 
const int buttonPin = D7;// button pin  RP2040 pin 1 or ESP32-C3 pin D7 
int buttonState = 0;//initial state of the button
int i = 0; //variable intensity led

void setup() { //declaration of inputs and outputs
  pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}
void loop() {
  buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);// we read the state of the button
  if (buttonState == HIGH) { //if we press the button
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
  delay(500);                       
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);    
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
  delay(500);                       
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);    
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
  delay(2000);                        
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);    
  delay(1000);

}
  else {  //if we don't press the button
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);
  }
}

It doesn't glow either....
After consulting with the instructor, he advised me that there might be a problem with the board I used, and when I checked, the LEDs were installed with LED reversed polarity.

alt text

I thought I checked it carefully and installed it... Why! I will have to be more careful next time.
Put it back on again and write the code for Adrian...
It worked!

Next, we changed the value so that it blinks every 0.2 seconds.

alt text

//Fab Academy 2023 - Fab Lab León
//Button + LED                           
//Fab-Xiao
//
//Original code:Neil Gershenfeld 12/8/19
// This work may be reproduced, modified, distributed,
// performed, and displayed for any purpose, but must
// acknowledge this project. Copyright is retained and
// must be preserved. The work is provided as is; no
// warranty is provided, and users accept all liability.
//


const int ledPin1 = D6;//first light  RP2040 pin 0 or ESP32-C3 pin D6 
const int buttonPin = D7;// button pin  RP2040 pin 1 or ESP32-C3 pin D7 
int buttonState = 0;//initial state of the button
int i = 0; //variable intensity led

void setup() { //declaration of inputs and outputs
  pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}
void loop() {
  buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);// we read the state of the button
  if (buttonState == HIGH) { //if we press the button
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
  delay(200);                       
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);    
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
  delay(200);                       
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);    
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
  delay(200);                        
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);    
  delay(200);

}
  else {  //if we don't press the button
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);
  }
}

Success!

- Trouble and Measures -

Trouble	Measures
The first time I tried, the LED did not light up.	Be careful about the polarity of LEDs. (Mark the + with a marker, etc.)

-Reference Links-

Introduction to ESP32 Lesson 02 Arduino IDE Settings and L-chica (in Japanese)
Arduino Edition 1: Trying out L-chica (in Japanese)
Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3 in action. (in Japanese)
Adrian's site (in Japanese)

4.Seeed Studio XIAO RP2040

tool chain : Seeed Studio XIAO RP2040
IDE : Thonny

- data sheet Reference -

-Features-

Ultra-compact (20 x 17.5 mm) board with RP2040 microcontroller
Dual-core Cortex-M0+ (133 MHz operation)
2MB Flash, 264KB SRAM
USB-C port (for power and writing)
11 GPIOs (ADC, PWM, I²C, SPI, UART support)
3.3V operation (5V not supported)
Arduino / MicroPython / CircuitPython compatible

-mainstream language-

Python (for beginners, data analysis, AI, web)
JavaScript (web development, front-end and back-end with Node.js)
C / C++ (embedded, games, system programs)

4.0 Read the datasheet Seeed Studio XIAO RP2040

4.1　pinout

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- set up Thonny -

4.2 Programming in Thonny Download : Thonny

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Open and install the file.

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4.3 environment setting
Changed to Micro Python (Raspberry Pi Pico)

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- programming -

4.4 Programming
After looking at several sites, I asked ChatGPT (GPT-4) the following question

Teach me the code to make the LED blink every second on the Raspberry Pi Pico.

I then used the responses.

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from machine import Pin
from time import sleep

led = Pin(25, Pin.OUT) # LEDs on Pico board

while True:
    led.toggle()
    sleep(1)  # Flashes every second

4.5 Upload the codes by clicking the "Run current script" button.

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When it works well, the LED light turns on and off once per second. And the increasing number of outputs is also displayed in the shell.

-Reference Links-

Lighting LEDs on the Raspberry Pi Pico board (in Japanese)
Steps to　L-chica with Raspberry Pi Pico (in Japanese)

impressions

L-chica is not that difficult, so I felt it was beginner-friendly.
Since I did not write the program from scratch myself this time, I felt I needed to learn more.
For the final project, we would like to make it wireless if possible, so we thought esp32 (both wireless and wired connections are possible) would be appropriate.
Through this assignment I found Python easier to use than Arduino because it had less code and I had learned a little.

embedded programming

Group assignments

My group assignments

Individual Assignments

Have you answered these questions?

PC working environment

hero video

simulation

1.Wokwi - XIAO ESP32C3

2.Wokwi - Raspberry Pi Pico Simulator

L-chica (L-chica is LEDb link in Japanese)

3.XIAO ESP32C3

- data sheet Reference -

- set up Arduino -

- programming -

- Trouble and Measures -

4.Seeed Studio XIAO RP2040

- data sheet Reference -

- set up Thonny -

- programming -

impressions

Individual　Assignments

L-chica　　(L-chica is LEDb link in Japanese)