Output Devices

About this week

This week, we explored output devices and learned how to integrate them with a microcontroller. We worked with servo motors, OLED displays, LCDs, and DC motors, successfully interfacing them with the microcontroller.

To validate their functionality, we monitored real-time data using the serial monitor and analyzed the readings. Additionally, we utilized graphical representations to visualize the data, allowing us to better understand the behavior and fluctuations of the output devices over time.

This hands-on experience strengthened our skills in output device interfacing, data acquisition, and visualization techniques, improving our ability to analyze and interpret system performance.

Heroshot of the Assignment

Objctive of the Assignment

1.Group Assignment -

measure the power consumption of an output device

2. Indivisual Assignment -

add an output device to a microcontroller board you've designed, and program it to do something

What is Output Device ?

Output devices include components such as LEDs, buzzers, LCD displays, speakers, motors (DC, servo, and stepper), and relays. When these devices are connected to a microcontroller, they receive signals from it and perform specific actions, such as displaying information, producing sound, or controlling movement. This is why they are classified as output devices.

Type of Output Device

VIsual Output Device

1. OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode)
2. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
3. LED (Light Emitting Diode)
4. Segment Diplay
5. E-paper Display

Audio Output Device

1. Speaker
2. Buzzer

Motion Output Device

1. DC Motor
2. Servo Motor
3. Stepper Motor
4. Vibration Motor

Touch & Force Sensors

1. Capacitive Touch Sensor
2. Resistive Touch Sensor
3. Force Sensor

Electromechanical Output Devices

1. Relay
2. Solenoid

Website Reference here

Output Device

An output device is an electronic component that receives signals from a microcontroller or system and performs a specific action, such as displaying information, producing sound, generating motion, or controlling external devices. These devices are used in various applications, including automation, robotics, communication systems, and electronic devices.

Reference Photo

Click here to visit our group assignment.

Individual Assignment

add an output device to a microcontroller board you've designed, and program it to do something it

ATtiny 1614

ATtiny1614 is a low-power, high-performance 8-bit microcontroller from the AVR family, designed for embedded applications. It features tinyAVR architecture and is well-suited for small-scale projects requiring efficiency and minimal power consumption.

I used Attiny for my microcontroller.

ATtiny 1614	Pinout

Website reference here

Designing a PCB for Output device in KiCad.

PCB - ATtiny 1614

Creating the schematic design of the PCB.	Tracing, edge cutting, and other such as component placement, routing, via optimization, and layer management.

edge cut completed	The PCB design is finally complete, and here is the 3D view.

To see the entire process for designing, go through this assignments.

Assignment 6

PCB Milling With SRM20

PCB Milling Completed.	Removed the PCB from Milling Machine

To see the entire process for Milling PCB, tool path generate, go through this assignments.

Assignment 8

Components Used

1.ATtiny 1614-SSFR - Qty -1

2. SMD LED (Surface Mount Device LED) - Qty- 2

3. Pin Header SMD(1x3) -Qty- 1

5. Pin Header SMD(1x4) - Qty- 2

6. 0Ω Resistor - Qty - 2

7. R499Ω Resistor- Qty - 2

Output Device explored

RGB LED	OLED Display

RGB LED

RGB LED - (Red, Green, Blue Light Emitting Diode) is a special type of LED that can produce a wide range of colors by combining different intensities of red, green, and blue light. It is commonly used in decorative lighting, displays, and indicator systems.

Type of RGB LED

Common Anode RGB LED – The positive terminal is shared, and individual colors are controlled by grounding the respective pins.

Common Cathode RGB LED – The negative terminal is shared, and colors are controlled by providing voltage to respective pins.

Basic RGB LED – Requires external circuitry (like PWM) to control color mixing.

Addressable RGB LED (WS2812, NeoPixel, etc.) – Each LED has a built-in controller, allowing independent color control using a single data line.

Through-Hole RGB LED – Standard 4-pin LEDs used in breadboards and circuits.

Surface Mount RGB LED (SMD) – Used in LED strips, display panels, and compact designs.

Uses of RGB LED

Decorative lighting - home, stage, and event lighting

Displays and signage -LED boards, advertising screens

Indicator lights - status indication in electronics.

Gaming and PC setups - RGB keyboards, mouse, and case lighting.

Smart home automation -Color-changing lights controlled via IoT.

Pinout of RGB LED

GND Or VCC- Connect to GND,VCC

R - RED LED Control Pin

G - GREEN LED Control Pin

B - BLUE LED Control Pin

OLED Display

OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) is a self-emissive display technology that produces light without the need for a backlight. It provides high contrast, low power consumption, and excellent color quality, making it ideal for compact electronic displays.

Type of OLED

Monochrome OLED

RGB OLED

SPI OLED

I2C OLED

Parallel OLED

Uses

Wearable devices - smartwatches, fitness bands

Embedded systems - Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32 projects

Industrial equipment- display panels, monitoring systems

Consumer electronics - smartphones, TVs, digital dashboards

Medical devices - Portable monitors, diagnostic tools

Pinout

GND (Ground)- Connect to Ground(GND) 0 volt

VCC(Power) - Connect to 3.3V or 5V

SCL- Connect ot SCL pin - Serial Clock (I2C Communication)

SDA - Connect ot SDA pin - Serial Data (I2C Communication)

Reference Website here

ATTiny 1614 installation process

First open Arduino , go to file and select the references. After that put this URL- "http://drazzy.com/package_drazzy.com_index.json" in additional boards manager

Now click on board managar and search - megaTinyCore and install it.

After installing the MegaTinyCore, go to Tools > Board> MegaTinyCore, and then select ATtiny1614.

Next, go to Tools > Chip - and select ATtiny1614.

Then, go to Tools > Programmer, and select - Serial UPDI 4.5V - 460800 baud (CH340 or other compatible options).

Programming the board

Step By Step Process

1.Connect the RGB LED/OLED Display to the microcontroller board with correct pinout.

2.Connect the microcontroller board to device (PC/Laptop) using a USB cable.

3.Open Arduino IDE on device.

4.In Arduino IDE, go to Tools > Board and select ATtiny1614.

5.Then, go to Tools > Port and select the correct port for your board.

6. Write the code

7.Upload the code to the microcontroller.

RGB LED

Writing Code and Uploading

>
RGB LED Working successfully

OLED Display

Writing Code and Uploading

>
OLED Working successfully

Original File Here

RGB LED Code here

OLED Display Code here

Kicad PCB design File in PNG formet

Trace cut File here

Edge Cut File here

Kicad PCB design File in "rml" formet

Trace cut File here

Edge Cut File here

Conclusion

This week, we explored various output devices, including servo motors, relay modules, stepper motors, RGB LEDs, and OLED displays. These devices fall under the category of output components as they receive signals from a microcontroller to perform specific functions.
To understand their functionality, we connected them to a microcontroller, programmed them accordingly, and successfully tested their operation. I specifically used ATtiny1614 microcontroller to control an RGB LED and an OLED display, and both devices functioned perfectly as expected.
Through this hands-on experience, I gained valuable insights into interfacing and controlling output devices using microcontrollers, reinforcing my understanding of embedded systems and electronics.