Git

Hero Shot

Summary

Introduction to Git

Git is a version control system designed to help track changes in files and facilitate collaboration. It provides:

  1. History: Keeps track of changes made to files.
  1. Collaboration: Enables teams to work together effectively.

Ways to Use Git

  1. Command Line: The most powerful and direct way to use Git.
  1. Integrated Development Environment (IDE): Many IDEs have built-in Git support (e.g., VSCode).
  1. Graphical User Interface (GUI): Tools like GitKraken simplify Git visually.

Work Process Detail

  • Git Tutorial
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JJ101D3knE&ab_channel=ProgrammingwithMosh

How to Download and Install Git Bash

Git Bash is a command-line tool for Windows that allows you to use Git commands and Linux-like features. Follow these steps to download and install Git Bash:

1. Download Git

  1. Go to the official Git website: git-scm.com.
  1. Click on the Download button. The site will automatically detect your operating system (Windows, macOS, or Linux).

2. Install Git on Windows

  1. Once the file is downloaded, locate it (e.g., Git-x.x.x-x64.exe) and double-click to open the installer.
  1. Follow the installation wizard steps:
    • Select Destination Location: Choose where to install Git or leave it as the default.
    • Select Components: Ensure "Git Bash Here" and "Git GUI Here" are selected.
      • Default Editor: Choose an editor for Git (e.g., VSCode or Nano).
      • Adjust PATH Environment: Select "Use Git from the command line and also from third-party software" (recommended).
      • HTTPS Settings: Leave the default option (Use OpenSSL).
      • Line Ending Conversions: Use the default option ("Checkout Windows-style, commit Unix-style line endings").
      • Terminal Emulator: Select "Use MinTTY" (default terminal for Git Bash).
      • Continue with the default options for the remaining steps unless you need custom configurations.
  1. Click Install and wait for the installation to complete.

3. Launch Git Bash

  1. After the installation is complete, click Finish.
  1. Open Git Bash:
    • Use the Start Menu to search for "Git Bash."
    • Alternatively, right-click anywhere on your desktop or in a folder, and select "Git Bash Here."

4. Verify Installation

  1. Open Git Bash and type:

    This will display the installed Git version, confirming a successful installation.
    git --version

Setting Up Git

Configure Git for the First Time:

  1. Set your name:
    git config --global user.name "Your Name"
  1. Set your email:
    git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"
  1. Configure a default editor (e.g., VSCode):
    git config --global core.editor "code --wait"
  1. Enable line endings for compatibility:
    git config --global core.autocrlf true

Check Git Configuration:

  • View Git settings:
    git config --list
  • For help:
    git --help
git -h

Basic Git Commands and Workflow

Initialize a Repository

  1. Create and navigate to a directory:
    mkdir project_name
cd project_name
  1. Initialize Git in the directory:
    git init

Workflow Steps

  1. Edit files as needed.
  1. Check the current status:
    git status
  1. Add files to the staging area:

    To add all changes:
    git add file_name

    git add .
  1. Commit the changes:
    git commit -m "Your commit message"

Understanding Git Workflow

Credit: https://www.youtube.com/@programmingwithmosh
  1. Files: The working directory contains files you are editing.
  1. Index: Staging area where changes are prepared for a commit.
  1. Repository: Where the final snapshot of your project is stored after a commit.

Removing Files in Git

  1. Delete a file from your working directory:
    rm file_name
  1. Stage the removal:
    git add file_name
  1. Commit the removal:
    git commit -m "Removed file_name"
  1. Alternatively, remove and stage in one step:
    git rm file_name

Visual Representation of Commit Sizes

  • Small, incremental commits are preferred over large commits. They make tracking and debugging easier.

Uploading Weekly Documentation to GitLab

1. Cloning the Repository Locally

To begin, I cloned my GitLab repository to my local machine using the following command:

git clone <repository-http-link>

Replace <repository-http-link> with the actual HTTP URL of your GitLab repository. This downloads the entire repository to your local machine, allowing you to edit and upload files.

2. Uploading a File Less Than 10MB

  • After making updates to my weekly documentation, I added a new file that was less than 10MB to the repository folder.
  • This file contains my reports, images, or project files for the week.

3. Adding the File to Git Tracking

To stage the file before committing, I ran:

git add .

This command stages all modified and newly added files in the repository.

4. Committing the Changes with a Message

Next, I committed the changes with a descriptive message about the week's work:

git commit -m "Added Week X documentation and project updates"

Replace Week X with the actual week number or relevant update. The commit message helps keep track of what changes were made.

5. Pushing the Changes to GitLab

Finally, I pushed the updates to the GitLab repository using:

git push origin main

This uploads all committed changes to the remote GitLab repository. If using a different branch, replace main with the branch name.

Learning Outcome

Learning Git workflow is super impotent for team work and project development, and knowing how to use it will help the maker community to level up their development.

Digital Files

git-cheat-sheet-education.pdf