Computer Aided Design

assignment

• Understanding 2D and 3D concepts
• Learning about various software for 2D and 3D design
• Learning how to use this software to create objects
• Documenting the process using images and videos
• Including all relevant files

Explore 2D

"2D" stands for "two-dimensional" and refers to shapes or objects that have length and width but no depth, like a flat surface or a picture on a page.

when we deals with 2D, the main types are raster and vector. we need to understand this two concepts which is Pixel and Bitmap.

Pixel

A pixel is simply the smallest addressable element of a picture represented on a screen. An image is made up using a collection of pixels referred to as a bitmap.

Bitmap

A bitmap is a mapping from some domain to bits, that is, values which are zero or one. It is also called a bit array or bitmap index. The more general term pixmap refers to a map of pixels, where each one may store more than two colors, thus using more than one bit per pixel.

1.Raster

Raster is made up of pixels each pixels contains informations like colors in photographs. when we zoom in the quality of the image will reduce.

File extensions are .BMP, .TIF, .GIF, .JPG, etc...

2. Vector

Vector use mathematical paths making perfect for design need to be scaled without losing quality. Vector graphics are best for printing since it is composed of a series of mathematical curves.

File extensions: SVG, EPS, PDF, AI, DXF, etc...

3. 2D Raster Softwares

Raster graphics software is used to create and edit images composed of pixels, which are tiny squares of color arranged in a grid. Each pixel contains specific color information, making raster images ideal for complex visuals such as photographs, digital paintings, and detailed textures. Raster-based images are resolution-dependent, meaning their quality decreases when scaled up. These images are commonly used in digital art, photo editing, and web graphics.

Some popular raster software includes Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, Krita, Corel PHOTO-PAINT, Paint.NET and Pixlr. These programs are widely used for digital painting, photo editing, and creating pixel-based artwork.

GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)

i would like to explore GIMP. GIMP is a free and open-source raster graphics editor designed for tasks such as photo retouching, image composition, and digital painting. It is a powerful alternative to Adobe Photoshop, offering extensive tools for image editing, filters, and plugins. GIMP supports multiple file formats, including PSD, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF, making it highly versatile.

4. GIMP

To begin, I visited the official GIMP website (https://gimp.org), where I downloaded the latest version, GIMP 2.10.38. The download page clearly provides a red button labeled "Download 2.10.38," making the process straightforward. Once the installer was downloaded, I launched the setup file. A colorful installation window appeared, and I proceeded by clicking the “Install” button to begin the default installation process.

After installation, I opened the GIMP application. From the main menu, I selected File → New to create a blank canvas. I chose a high-resolution page size (2480 x 3508 pixels) suitable for detailed design work. The interface displayed various tools on the left panel, including brushes, pencil tools, and text insertion options. I started designing using the pencil tool and experimented with different brushes and shapes. I also used the text tool to write my name “HARIHARAN” in a creative format using star-like patterns and added a GIMP mascot image to enhance the design.

Once the image creation was completed, I exported the project as a PNG file. To do this, I went to File → Export As, selected the file location and format (.png), and adjusted the export settings such as compression level and metadata. I finalized the export by clicking the “Export” button, which saved the raster image to my computer.

5. 2D Vector Software - Inkscape

I explored Inkscape, a free and open-source vector graphics editor, for creating digital illustrations. Inkscape is widely used for tasks such as designing logos, diagrams, icons, and complex artwork. It works across platforms like Windows, macOS, and Linux.

To begin the process, I visited the official Inkscape website and downloaded the version 1.4 for Windows 64-bit. The download page provided a clear link, and I was redirected to the appropriate installer automatically, as shown in the first screenshot. Once the file was downloaded, I launched the setup wizard. The installer welcomed me with the Inkscape logo and setup instructions. I clicked "Next" to continue the installation. After installation, I opened Inkscape and was greeted by a colorful and modern welcome screen (version 1.4) offering customization options. I selected the default canvas, keyboard layout, and appearance theme. I preferred the dark theme for better visual comfort while designing and saved these settings.

With Inkscape ready, I created a new document. A blank canvas appeared, and I used the toolbars on the left and top of the screen to begin drawing. Initially, I started with a simple black square and added a diagonal white line to divide the shape. Then, I duplicated and arranged multiple such blocks to create patterns. This allowed me to explore shape tools, alignment, and duplication features.

As I continued, I added colors using the fill and stroke settings. I selected various shades of purple and pink, giving the design a vibrant and modern aesthetic. These blocks were grouped and organized into symmetrical layouts, forming a geometric mosaic. I also used the star tool to add decorative elements to the corners of the canvas.

To finalize my design, I added text at the center that read "FABLAB Hariharan" using the text tool. This completed the artwork and gave it a personalized identity. The final composition was a clean, colorful vector image with creative symmetry and well-defined elements—showcasing my understanding of Inkscape’s tools and interface.

1. 3D design

The object chosen for scanning was a small toy. This was selected due to its distinct shape and well-defined features, making it suitable for 3D reconstruction.

The first image shows the real toy used for scanning.

2. Capturing Multiple Angles

To ensure an accurate 3D scan, multiple images of the toy were taken from different angles using the Kiri Engine.

The next image displays the collected photos, covering all perspectives required for proper model generation.

The settings were adjusted to export the model in OBJ format, which is compatible with 3D printing and further modifications.

3. Rendering and Viewing the 3D Model

The app processed the images and generated a 3D model, converting it into a mesh representation.

Once the rendering was complete, the OBJ file was displayed within the Kiri Engine.

The generated model was inspected for accuracy, ensuring that the shape and details were preserved from the original object.

4. Final Out

The next image presents the final 3D file of the scanned object.

Once the rendering was complete, the OBJ file was displayed within the Kiri Engine.

The generated model was inspected for accuracy, ensuring that the shape and details were preserved from the original object.