• Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32-C3
• A4988 Stepper Motor Drivers (×2)
• Stepper Motors (NEMA 17) (×2)
• 20g Servo Motor (MG995) (×1)
• AMS1117 5V Regulator (SOT-223 package) (×1)
• 5V Regulator with D2PAK package (≥1.5A current support) (×1)
• Push Buttons (pull-up configuration) (×5)
• 12V DC Power Supply
• 1K ohm resistors (×5)
• Soldering paste and soldering wire
• Roland Modela SMR-20 CNC Milling Machine
• Connectors, headers, and wires for assembly
• Linear bearings (8mm, ×7)
• Aluminium angles (20x20, ×2)
• Aluminium profiles (20x20, ×5)
• Timing pulleys (20T, 8mm, ×4)
• 12V 1A DC Motor (×1)
• GT2 Toothed Belt (×1)
• M3 Bolts (10mm, ×20)
• M3 Bolts (20mm, ×6)
• M5 Bolts (40mm, ×2)
• M3 Nuts (×26)

The design of the electronics started with the development of the first PCB prototype, in which the use of two A4988 controllers for the X and Y axis control was considered. For the Z axis, a 20-gram servo was chosen. Given the current consumption of the servo, it was necessary to incorporate a 5V regulator for its power supply. The main source of the system will be 12V, which will also be used to power the stepper motors.

The Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32-C3 was selected as the microcontroller, due to its compact size, ease of use and sufficient number of pins to handle all the inputs and outputs required by the system.

To allow physical control of the stepper motors and to establish a point of origin, five buttons configured in pull-up mode were added. Four of these buttons allow manual movement in the X and Y axes, while the fifth is intended to set the origin point of the system.

The SVG file including traces, drill holes, and edge cuts was obtained. Subsequently, this file is placed in the SMR-20 CNC for processing.

Once the CNC completed its task, the components were soldered into place. However, the faulty regulator caused issues. An attempt was made to use another 5V regulator, specifically the AMS 1117 model with an SOT-223 package, but it was limited to a capacity of 1A. Consequently, a larger 1.5A regulator with a D2PAK package was used, necessitating the redesign of the PCB.

After soldering all the components, the PCB presented an aesthetically pleasing appearance. Testing was initiated to ensure functionality and performance. Current consumption was successfully observed on the power supply. The code uploaded to the XIAO ESP32-C3 enabled movement of the step motors and servo. All functions, including the buttons, worked flawlessly during testing.

Despite initial challenges, the integration of the A4988 controllers, the servo, and the Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32-C3 microcontroller on a functional PCB was successful. Final testing confirmed efficiency across all components and functionalities, meeting the project objectives.

An enclosure designed in SolidWorks to protect circuits is primarily intended to provide a safe environment for electronic components, protecting them from external factors such as impacts, moisture, or dust.

The design process begins with the creation of a solid base, followed by sidewalls and a lid. These parts are crafted to be practical and ensure precise assembly for optimal protection.

Strategic openings allow for cable connections and ensure proper ventilation, essential for heat-generating circuits. Additionally, the design is optimized through the use of tight tolerances and features like rounded edges and internal supports to enhance structural integrity.

This enclosure can be manufactured using 3D printing or materials such as ABS, combining functionality and simplicity. In this way, the safety and durability of the components are guaranteed, contributing to the proper functioning of the circuit in various environments.