Week 6: Embedded Programming

This week, I learned about microcontroller programming with an Arduino-type board. Additionally, I learned how to successfully load a basic program onto it by setting up the Arduino IDE for the specific microcontroller and utilizing a simplified version of C++ known as the "Arduino Language".

Microcontroller Board: Seeduino Xiao + Quentorres Shield (swd+uart/adapter+hello board)

The Seeeduino XIAO features a 256 KB Flash Memory for both the bootloader and the user's code, along with a 32 KB SRAM for storing variables and data. The Flash Memory typically consists of two partitions: one for the bootloader (approximately 2% of the total storage, or around 5 KB), and the remainder for the user's program code. The Seeeduino XIAO utilizes the ATSAMD21G18A-MU microcontroller (DataSheet), which is known for its low-power capabilities and cost-effectiveness, making it suitable for a wide range of low-budget projects.

Seeduino Xiao:

Quentorres Shield (swd+uart/adapter+hello board):

The PCB board for this assignment is the Quentorres SWD+UART Adapter+Hello Board initially created by Quentin Bolsée and later redesigned by Adrián Torres from FAB LAB León

Compatible Architectures

Arduino (C/C++):

Performance: Arduino provides direct access to hardware through C/C++, maximizing performance.

Development Workflow: Arduino IDE offers a streamlined environment with extensive libraries and community support.

• Suitable for real-time performance and direct hardware control.
• Best for embedded projects requiring efficient code execution.

MicroPython:

Performance: Runs at a higher level compared to C/C++, with some overhead due to interpretation.

Development Workflow: Provides an interactive and dynamically typed environment for rapid prototyping.

• Ideal for quick iteration and scripting capabilities.
• Suitable for projects prioritizing ease of use and flexibility.

CircuitPython:

Performance: Similar to MicroPython, optimized for ease of use rather than raw performance.

Development Workflow: Simplifies development with automatic USB serial communication and a beginner-friendly approach.

• Best for educational purposes and projects requiring simplicity.
• Supports rapid development with automatic USB drive emulation.

Integrated Development Environment: Arduino IDE

The Arduino IDE is a software application used for writing, compiling, and uploading code to Arduino microcontroller boards. This software provides a user-friendly interface for learning the basics of microcontroller programming. Seeeduino boards resemble Arduino boards but offer additional features and variations. They are compatible with the Arduino IDE but require additional packages to be fully functional.

1. Setting Up Arduino IDE for Seeeduino Xiao Microcontroller Board

The initial step in connecting the microcontroller board is to review the manufacturer's documentation. In this case, Seeed Studio offers a Wiki page containing valuable information on setting up the Seeeduino Xiao and identifying the necessary packages for proper functionality.

The first step is to click on File > Preference and fill Aditional Boards Manager URLs

The next step is to download and install the packages. Go to Tools > Board > Boards Manager and install Seeed SAMD Boards

Now you can upload an empty program code to verify that everything works correctly. The OUTPUT tab must display the information above.

Arduino Code:

    // Program Code: Sequential LED Blinking with Button //
    
    // Written by: Jorge Suarez de Freitas //
    
    // Define pin numbers for components
    int Button = 1;   // Button pin
    int LED1 = 0;     // First LED pin
    int LED2 = 6;     // Second LED pin
    int LED3 = 7;     // Third LED pin
    int estate;       // Variable to store button state
    
    
     // Setup function: runs once when the program starts
    void setup() {
       
        
        // Serial communication setup
        Serial.begin(9600); 
        
        // Set pin modes (Input or Output)
        pinMode(LED1, OUTPUT); 
        pinMode(LED2, OUTPUT);
        pinMode(LED3, OUTPUT);
        pinMode(Button, INPUT);
    }
    
    void loop() {
        // Loop function: runs repeatedly as the program executes
        
        // Read the state of the button
        estate = digitalRead(Button);
        
        // Print button state to serial monitor
        Serial.println(estate);
        
        // If button is pressed (state == 1)...
        if (estate == 1) {
            // Sequentially turn LEDs on and off with delays
            digitalWrite(LED1, HIGH);
            delay(100);
            digitalWrite(LED2, HIGH);
            delay(100);
            digitalWrite(LED3, HIGH);
            delay(100);
            digitalWrite(LED1, LOW);
            delay(100);
            digitalWrite(LED2, LOW);
            delay(100);
            digitalWrite(LED3, LOW);
            delay(100);
        }
        
        // If button is NOT pressed (state != 1)...
        else {
            // Turn off all LEDs
            digitalWrite(LED1, LOW);
            digitalWrite(LED2, LOW);
            digitalWrite(LED3, LOW);
            delay(10); // Short delay to debounce
        }
    }
    

Testing Funtionality

Group Assigment Page!!

Group Assigment Personal Aport:

For our group project, I took on the task of researching the ATtiny44 microcontroller datasheet to identify its key features, advantages, and disadvantages. By diving into the details, I aimed to provide us with a clear understanding of what the ATtiny44 can and can't do, which will help us make informed decisions for our project.

Technical Specifications for Comparison:

Features and Peripherals:

Development Tools and Ecosystem:

Applications and Use Cases:

ATtiny44:

• Small projects
• Battery-powered devices
• Simple I/O control

ATmega328:

• General-purpose projects
• Prototyping (Arduino Uno)
• Embedded systems

Seeeduino XIAO (SAMD21):

• Compact and high-performance applications
• Wearables
• IoT devices