EMBEDDED-PROGRAMMING

    assignment focus on embedded programming

    in group assignment we have focused on different microntrollers and there architectures behaviours follow this link
    for more from group page
    about assignment what is embedded programming An embedded programming language is a programming language that developers use in embedded systems.
    In general, the languages offer low-level access to the device hardware. Developers use several common programming languages for embedded systems.
    embedded programming languages
  1. C programming
  2. C++
  3. python
  4. micro python
  5. java
  6. java script
  7. rust
    8. comparison between these programming languages download
    useful links open here link1
    open here link2
    esp32 dev kit v1 development board
    esp32 dev kit v1 is one in series of microcontroller chip base on esp32 board developed by espressif the esp32 microcontroller is found in xtensa family specifications of esp32
    ESP32 is a single 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi-and-Bluetooth combo chip designed with the TSMC ultra-low-power 40 nm
    technology. It is designed to achieve the best power and RF performance, showing robustness, versatility and
    reliability in a wide variety of applications and power scenarios
    the microcontroller memory features
  8. it is 32bit microcontroller
  9. 448kb of RAM
  10. 520kb of SRAM
  11. 16kb SRAM in RTC
    12. advanced programmable periferals
  12. 34x programmable GPIO
  13. 12-bit SAR ADC up to 18 channels
  14. 2 x 8-bit DAC
  15. 10 x touch sensors
  16. 4 x SPI
  17. 2 x I²S
  18. 2 x I²C
  19. 3 x UART
  20. 1 host (SD/eMMC/SDIO)
  21. 1 slave (SDIO/SPI)
  22. Ethernet MAC interface with dedicated DMA and IEEE 1588 support
  23. CAN 2.0
  24. IR (TX/RX)
  25. Motor PWM
  26. LED PWM up to 16 channels
  27. Hall sensor
    28. CPU clock Upon reset, an external crystal clock source is selected as the default CPU clock. The external crystal clock source
    also connects to a PLL to generate a high-frequency clock (typically 160 MHz).
    In addition, ESP32 has an internal 8 MHz oscillator. The application can select the clock source from the external
    crystal clock source, the PLL clock or the internal 8 MHz oscillator. The selected clock source drives the CPU
    clock directly, or after division, depending on the application.

    -the esp esp32 supports radio communication
  28. WIFI
  29. BLUETOOTH
    30. WIFI
    ESP32 implements a TCP/IP and full 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi MAC protocol. It supports the Basic Service Set (BSS)
    STA and SoftAP operations under the Distributed Control Function (DCF). Power management is handled with
    minimal host interaction to minimize the active-duty period.
    BLUETOOTH
    ESP32 integrates a Bluetooth link controller and Bluetooth baseband, which carry out the baseband protocols
    and other low-level link routines, such as modulation/demodulation, packet processing, bit stream processing,
    frequency hopping, etc
    esp electrical characteristics
    esp32 has VDDA, VDD3P3, VDD3P3_RTC, VDD3P3_CPU, VDD_SDIO. these are power pins needs to be powered.
    in order for the microcontroller to operate in better power controlls
    diagram below shows the maximum and minimum rating operations
    visit there article HERE for more about esp32



    the rating values shown in the diagram are provide bya manufacturers
    the next layout of the internal of IC shown in the diagram below




    more about the datasheet of the device download here

    functional description esp32 DEVKIT V1



    for the esp32 i have chose to use arduino IDE to be able use it and programm with the its firmware
    first i have downloaded arduino IDE and installed it, to download arduino software follow this link https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
    after installing the arduino ide it is opened view like this


    for the esp32 to operate we need to install esp32 bootloader in arduino IDE this bootloader enables all features needed to access it such as loading codes
    i have installed the bootloader by copying the following link in the the section shown in the image, first click to file>>preferences then paste this link in shown box--> 
    https://dl.espressif.com/dl/package_esp32_index.json


    after that navigate to tools>> boards>> board manager
    in search box search for "esp32" and click install

    wait for a while for the bootloader to be installed after installion is finnished
    navigate to the tools>>board>>esp 32 arduino>> DOIT ESP32 DEVKIT V1
    then we have selected the board


    after selecting the code example select port for connecting esp 32 to computer my case i have COM4



    and click upload

    when its start uploading for my case of the esp32 it shows error that "an error accured while uploading the sketh" so this issue is caused by the microcontroller
    is not in boot mode so they are different ways to put it in boot mode 1st hold the shown button indicates "boot" and the plugin the device it will boot in flash mode
    other way is to hold boot button and then press reset while holding boot button then release reset button first then boot after
    onther way is to press boot when it starts showing uploading
    hence the boot button enables flash mode of the esp32


    the first program to be uploaded is controlling and led with button, when we push button the led turns on accordingly off when released and here is the codes i have used below
            
          int led=19;
          int button=21;
          int button_bit;
          void setup() {
            Serial.begin (9600);
            pinMode(led,OUTPUT);
            pinMode (button, INPUT);
            // put your setup code here, to run once:

          }

          void loop() {
            button_bit = digitalRead(button);
            Serial.print(button_bit);
            delay (100);
            if (button_bit == 1)
            {
              digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
              
            }
            
            else {
              digitalWrite (led,LOW);
            }
            
            // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

            }

    the second program is to connect remotely through bluetooth the codes used also shown below
              
            #include "BluetoothSerial.h"
            #if !defined(CONFIG_BT_ENABLED) || !defined(CONFIG_BLUEDROID_ENABLED)
            #error Bluetooth is not enabled! Please run `make menuconfig` to and enable it
            #endif
            byte light;
            BluetoothSerial SerialBT;

            void setup() {
              Serial.begin(115200);
              SerialBT.begin("espCHRIS"); //Bluetooth device name
              Serial.println("The device started, now you can pair it with bluetooth!");
              pinMode(19, OUTPUT);
            }

            void loop() {
              if (SerialBT.available()) {
                light = SerialBT.read(); 
                delay(20);
              }

            if (light == 'ON'){
              digitalWrite(19, HIGH);
            }
            else if (light == '0'){
              digitalWrite(19, LOW);
            }
            
            }
    after uploading codes to my esp 32 i first configured an android application used to communicate with microcontroller
    for my case as an android user go for google play store search for "serial bluetooth terminal" and install then open.

    first open the phone and open settings then bluetooth and select device name and connect my device i have named it as "espCHRIS"
    then open the application and click on 3 lines on up left corner choose devices and select connected device configured

    after being configured the device shows it has been connected as it is shown in the image below
    for my program i set LED to turn on when i send "1" and when i send "0" it turns off
    it is shown in the video

    for my assigment i have tried different tools, which is different laguage in arduino was using C-prohramming then next i am going to try python
    using python requires few tools, first we need micropython firmware to flash on esp32 to be able to run on python language,
    and also i needed a program as an interpreter and compiler. the program i make uses python language.
    python
    Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. open the LINK
    micropython
    MicroPython is a lean and efficient implementation of the Python 3 programming language that includes
    a small subset of the Python standard library and is optimised to run on microcontrollers and in constrained environments. open the LINK for more
    first of all i flashed micropython firmware into my esp32 board as it is shawn below
    for the firmware of micropython download it from this page https://micropython.org/download/esp32/
    after getting he esp 32 firmware then download thonny from this site https://thonny.org/
    the i installed thony and easily launched from tabs click run>>configure interpreter as shown

    then for new window opened in interpreter tab click on dropdown menu and choose board esp32 and choose the board port at bottom from dropdown box.
    the click on "install or update micropython"

    as i have esp32 after clicking on "install or update micropython" i directly pushed the boot button to enable flash mode

    after flashing firmware is done then i started writing codes this codes blinks the builtin led on board
              
            import time
            from machine import Pin
            print ("hello chris")
            pin2 = Pin(2, Pin.OUT)
            while True:
            pin2.on()
            time.sleep_ms(800)
            pin2.off()
            time.sleep_ms(700)

    codes used download below

@weekly session