Electronic productions.

So in week 6 we learnt how to design a pcb board on eagle, differences between digital and analog signal and even the general things we should learn from designing our own board. We now also know what components we need to add for designing our own board, from which website we need to look or search for .So this week we will solder the same board we designed on eagle in week6 we will even learn on how to change the png of a eagle PCB design to a RML file on mit mods. And make it work (just a simple LED blink can also work.) It's electronic week. So this week we were to mill our own Pcb and solder it. After we are done soldering it. The main assignment was to communicate with the board. Electronic is the most important feature of fab academy. We need to have knowledge on electronics as well. This is an important youtube video to understand the basics of electronics. here.

Link to our group assignment is here.

What you should know in electronics are

What is a circuit?

So in electronics, a circuit is a fixed path that electricity flows through. Which consists of a conductor, a current source and a load. This circuit term can be used in general sense to refer to any complete path that an electricity or a signal can travel through.

What are different Power Sources?

Power source is the main source or origin of incoming electricity. Most of the power sources are electricity sources into outlets, batteries,or generators.

What is a load?

An electrical load is the component of the circuit that consumes energy or power. Wich includes light bulbs and appliances.

5) What is a conductor?

It is a substance or a material that allows electricity to flow through.

According to google; In a conductor electrical charges carries usually electronics or ions, move easily from atom to atom when voltage is applied.

6) What is the difference between Voltage, Current and Resistance?

Difference between Voltage,Current and Resistance

Voltage	current	resistance
difference between charge between two points	rate at which charge is flowing	material tendency to resist the flow of charge.

symbol for voltage is V	symbol for current is C	symbol is resistance R
unit of volatge is volt	si unit of current is ampere	unit for Resistance is ohms Ω

- What is Ohm's Law?

V=IR Voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current.

understanding the components.

- What does a Resistor do?

Resistor limits or regulates the flow of electrical current.And can be used to provide a specific voltage to the transistor.

- What does a Capacitor do?

Temporary stores electrical energy through distributing charged particles on generally two plates to create potential difference. It takes a shorter time than a battery to charge up and can release energy very quickly.

- What does a Diode do?

It acts as a one way switch for current to flow,it will allow current to flow easily in one direction. And restricts current to flow in the opposite direction.

- What does LED mean?

LED means semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current flows.(Light Emitting Diodes) It converts electrical energy directly into lights.

- What is a Regulator?

It is a circuit that creates and maintains a fixed output voltage, irrespective of change to the input voltage or load condition.

Understanding , often used, component combinations and circuit modules...

- What is a Bypass Capacitor?

added to an amplifier circuit in order to allow AC signals to bypass the emitter resistor.

Which removes the output gain equation resulting in an increase to amplifiers AC gain.

- What does a Current Limiting Resistor for an LED do?

When an LED is connected to a power supply with a voltage higher than its forward voltage, a current limiting resistor is connected in series with the LED. The current limiting resistor limits the current for the LED and regulates the difference in voltage drops between the LED and the power supply.

- How are Capacitors used as High-pass and Low-pass filters? What does it filter?

According to google;In the same way that capacitors can act as high-pass filters, to pass high frequencies and block DC, they can act as low-pass filters, to pass DC signals and block AC. Instead of placing the capacitor in series with the component, the capacitor will be placed in parallel. The above is a high-frequency capacitive filter.

Then some often used terminology...

- What is VCC?

Vcc is an electronics term that refers to voltage supplied by a bipolar transistor’s “collector” terminal.

- What is GND?

GND is the reference point for all the signals for a common path in an electrical circuit where all of the voltage can be measured from.

- What is Common Ground?

So according to google Electronic devices that don't plug into a wall socket have a different type of ground usually called common ground. A circuit that runs on batteries will often use the battery's negative terminal as common ground - a reference point of zero volts compared to the battery's positive terminal.

- What is a Ground Plane...and why is it used?

A ground plane on a printed circuit board (PCB) is a large area or layer of copper foil connected to the circuit's ground point, usually one terminal of the power supply. It serves as the return path for current from many different components.

Milling your own Pcb.

Using SRM 20 and converting Png( Portable Network Graphics.) file to RML(Redline Markup Language File) file.As i completed my design in the previous week so this week was to mill, solder and communicate with the board.I used eagle to design the board since in pre-fab eagle software was easier and much convinent to use.I exported the design fike to the desktop and converted using MIT Mods in google and let me show you the steps to do it. So first open your google account and type mit mods. and you will get a blank page, just right click on the blank space and you will see some drop down and option.select program.

Now after getting the drop down, select open server program and

Scroll down the drop down and select SRM 20 and select pcb png below it.

So now focus on the left side of the desktop

Select the png file and

Make it all x,y and z to zero

Select module > open server module > and select save under file.

Now connect the input and out put file.

Now select 1/64 and then hit calculate.

So you will get this kind of traces. it will be downloaded automatically so after that,

Same for outline the steps are same, select png file, make all zero (X,Y and Z) after that hit calculate and get the outline traces.

Milling on SRM20

According to wikipedia;The SRM-20 Desktop Milling Machine is the latest generation desktop milling machine for the office, studio and educational environment. The SRM-20 incorporates innovative features, including a new spindle, collet, circuit boards and control software. The result is a leap forward in milling precision, speed and ease of use.

Types of endmill.

now open the VPanel which is a controller software that can be used to communicate with the SRM20 machine through as USB interface.Let me show the steps to mill in SRM20 machine.

For traces just use 1/64 endmill, using the allen key to take out the end mill and place it back, when you are putting the endmill one thing you should keep in mind is that, we should tighten it very hard. which will reult in damaging the bit when the spindle moves it will break the tip of the endmill

setting x,y and z on the vpanel and on the machine.

Now just add new file, your own design that you downloaded from MIT Mods and delete the previous file.

So now this is the board after the milling is done.

Soldering.

Tools i used for soldering are 1) soldering iron,The flux material is also used in the soldering process is made up of os zinc chloride and ammonium chloride. 2) The function. of flux is not permitted the molten solder to wet and flow into the joint. generally, lead and tin alloy are used in various compositions depending upon the used of the joint.

2) Soldering Station If you are going to do a lot of soldering, this is great because they provide more flexibility and control. The main advantage of a soldering station is the ability to adjust the soldering iron temperature properly which is great.

3) Solder Solder is a metal alloy material that is melted to form a permanent bond between electrical parts. Inside the core, there is a substance known as a flux that helps improve electrical contact and its mechanical strength.
Source google.

Desoldering.

Whe you solder the wrong component you can even desolder it by using the method of removing excess solder using flux and braided copper wire. below here oyu can see the image of desoldering components.

After you have mill the board you have to solder the components. below here are the components I hvae used in my boards.

This is my picture while I am soldering my Pcb

Bording milling in the machine.

This is my board after the soldering is completed. I had so much trouble while soldering since the iron was not that good back at our lab and even burnt my hands.

This are the boards that was not successful, since i burnt the LED twice and once my connection got wrong so i had to mill the board again.

Now it's time for programming and communicating with the board.

So open ardunio in your desktop, for me I re-downloaded the different arduino 1.8 in order to see if the MCU can communicate with the board using the blink code. s i installed from the google and here is the link to do so download the link from below,
Ardunioide1.8

After you have set up in your desktop open Arduino Ide and go to tools and select board. As shown in the picture below.Then hit on board manager.

The type megatinycore and hit install.

Now go back to board again and then select the megatinycore you will further get a drop down and select the 3rd option.

And then go to tools and select chip and select ATtiny1614

So here you have to select the programmer and you are good to go.

Now this to make your Board to blink so for that go to files > select examples > basics and then select blink.

now to make your board communicate with the MCu you have to google the code. After soldering i tried to see if the board was connected all correctly and it blinked.

Code from google and all Credit to Adrian.
click here.

Here is my code that i got from Adrain and i just changed my button pin and LED pin.

  const int ledPin1 = 3;//first light
  const int buttonPin = 6;
  int buttonState = 0;
  
  void setup() {
    pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
  }
  void loop() {
    buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
    if (buttonState == HIGH) {
    digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);
    delay(2000);                       
  }
    else {
    digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW); 
    }
  }
  
  

This is my video after coding on Ardunio and the board blinked after I complied.