Electronics Production

Electronic Design is a creative activity that allows the individual to put their ingenuity and creativity to work to solve Electronic Engineering problems. In the same way, the Electronic Designer implements new information processing strategies through the use of new components and / or development of application-specific integrated circuits..

Assignment:

Group assignment

  • characterize the design rules for your PCB production process

Individual assignments

  • make an in-circuit programmer that includes a microcontroller by milling and stuffing the PCB, test it, then optionally try other PCB processes

Group assignment


Find out the details of our common work al ZOI Here.

First steps in electronic production:



  • Starting.

    • It was a practice in TINKERCAD to remember electronics principles, I put together several circuits using an Arduino mega to connect LEDs, sensors and other components.


    Practice in TINKERCAD


    Trafic Light and Light sensor

    Motion sensor and Proximity sensor

    Starting manufacturing PBC Fabrication


    As a second practice, the mods web application was used to create printed circuits from an image.


    provides us with tools and the different parameters involved for the G-code mill 2D PNG program that has the following parameters:

    Tool diameter: diameter of the cutter.

    Depth of Cut - How much goes down the cutter.

    Max Depth - The maximum limit to which the cutter will drop.

    Offset Number - Number of steps the router will remove unwanted material.

    Compensation Step: Percentage of the cutter diameter of the cutter will eliminate each step.

    Direction: upload

    Route fusion:

    Route order:

    Calculate: This button automatically generates and downloads the G code file for the CNC machine.


    The second step was to check the G code node:

    Cutting speed: Speed ​​from one point to another

    dive speed: how long does it take to go up and down

    jog speed:

    jogging height:

    spindle speed: rotational speed.

    tool: 1

    coolant: on

    After that, we downloaded the PNG Traces and Interior files to test the accuracy and configuration of our machine.

    Download files

    Manufacturing our first PCB the FabTinyISP.


    For this assignment we based the FabTinyISP. a PCB circuit already made and tested, to be able to learn the use of the MODs the files can be downloaded from this link JANC PCB,and fts CUT I customize my board with Paint in that way I add my initials to the board



    Use MODS

    Once we had the file ready we used mods to generate the G/code. On mods follow this steps:

    You can enter MODS at this link


    Right click, programs

    Open server program

    G-code

    Mill 2D png


    Below we show the basic configurations for the creation of electronic boards

    for this we select the png file, and set the parameters for the mill raster and the path for the G code. Then we proceed to calculate and as a result we obtain the simulation of the code in a pop-up window.

    We can also use an online simulation with G-Code



    CncUsb



    Once we obtain the g code from the MODs and after verifying that everything is fine with the gcode simulator, I use the program with which I bino my desktop CNC Router, the program is the CncUsb, it is a fairly intuitive and easy program to use, my cnc has no configuration for the revolutions that is controlled by an integrated potentiometer, with which I have to calculate the ideal speed for milling




    starting with the CNC milling



    For the manufacture of the first pcb board, I sent the g code to Fablab ZOI in Quito, so that they could help me manufacture it. The reason for this is that I am taking the course virtually from the city of Tulcán.

    In the week of the assignment, I still did not have my cnc machine because the import with which I bought it at the university where I work did not arrive,

    When the cnc arrived I manufactured in my laboratory weeks later the second pcb board and now I am manufacturing a third to gain experience in its manufacture

    In this process of self-learning alone, I broke several Engravers, understanding the operation of the cnc, the most difficult thing was understanding the zero point through the sensor, something very easy when you understand it after breaking several Engravers




    The board


    Below we can see the final result with the finished electronic board


    Assembling the board


    Materials

    1x ATtiny45 or ATtiny85

    2x 1kΩ resistors

    2x 499Ω resistors

    2x 49Ω resistors

    2x 3.3v zener diodes

    1x red LED

    1x blue LED

    1x 100nF capacitor

    1x 2x3 pin header


    For the welding process, a Baku 909 welding station was used and as a support to weld the micro components, a USB microscope endoscope camera was used, this way each of the components can be better identified as well as their correct orientation and to be able to perform welding points with higher precision



    To solder the electronic components, it was helpful to use a microscope to check the connections.




    Programming the ATtiny 45 whit ISP programer


    The FabTinyStar is yet another version of an AVR ISP programmer/board that can be produced in a fab lab using a milled PCB and readily available components. The project is based on the efforts of many people. For more history of the FabTinyStar and the people who have contributed to it, Building the FabTinyISP


    please refer to Zaerc's FabTinyStar page.


    To start with the programming of the programmer, ews need to download Atmel AVR Toolchain for Windows and you can do it from this link Atmel AVR Toolchain for Windows, once downloaded it must be installed in C: \ Program Files, then we must install GNU Make and we can find it in the following link Gnu Make . Its installation is very easy, we simply accept the default values. Now we will install avrdude, we can download it from the following link avrdude. We will place this folder at the following address C: \ Program Files. And finally we will update the Path, as shown in the following images


    It may happen that our programmer is not recognized, for this we must install the respective driver and we can verify it on the system devices


    We cannot support with the zadig program and you can download it from the following link zadig.exe



    Identifying the pins is very important, on this will depend the success when burning the fuses of our Attiny 45



    to start with the programming we will use an arduino uno, which we will use as a programmer


    finished this, we will open a terminal and execute the following command


    -c arduino -b 19200 -p t45 -P COM3


    It is very important to properly configure the makefile file, correctly add the port, the baud rate, and the location of the files to be able to execute the make clean, make flash, avrdude commands according to the indications of the links provided above.








    General Conclusion:

    The manufacturing process of the circuit board was very interesting to learn how to use the different parameters that we can use in the Mods and how they affe result. In the same way, learning to program and burn the programmer's fuses was fun, although stressful, due to the possibility of blocking the board if it is done in a bad way.


    It took me a bit to understand the operation of the cnc as well as its calibration, the first PCB came out smaller due to a bad calibration, in that process added the zero point, I broke several millings that came with the machine, it only saved one, now I understand the G code much better to the point of editing it manually, I had not considered the width of the tip and the angle of the V, for the moment of cutting the plate I used my annotations from several weeks ago to configure the MODS, now I understand the need for a calibrator and take these measurements into account


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