Final Project¶
Summary Slide¶
Summary Video¶
1. Brainstorming final project idea¶
For my final project, I would like to design a Aluminium Can Recycle Bin in mu school. It is because I found that other disposed materials are often mixed up with the recyclables inside the aluminium can recycling bins. Since the enviormental group will collect the cans once a week, so compressing the cans is very important to increase the amount of collection. Last but not least, encourage and riase students awareness of recycling, it is necessary to record their recycle history for reward or education in the future.
Aluminium Can Recycle Bin function include:
- Automatically recognise and sort aluminium cans
- Automatically crush the empty cans
- Record the stuednt recycle history
This is the commonly aluminium cans size in Hong Kong market
This is my sketch of my ALUMINIUM CAN RECYCLING BIN.
This is the first idea for crushing cans
Reference Video for Aluminium Can Recycle Bin
Automatically recognise and sort aluminium cans
Automatically crush the empty cans
Updated: 12 MAY 2021¶
In this time, it is mlsot the end of the fab academy. It is much more clear and understand the requirments of final project. Therefore, I slighly change the idaes from Aluminium Can Recycle Bin to CAN CRUSHER. The CAN CRUSHER function mainly include:
- Crushing the one type of can (Size 330ml)
- Adding a sensor, so that the device start the operation
- Adding alarm function for reminding the user to keep their hand off when the can crucher operating
2. Logo Design¶
I use Procreate to generate the idea for my logo design. This app has a function called Animation Assist Screen. It help you track your progress, instant playback, and versatile settings. It is a very good funcution for recording your deisgn process. In my logo design, it includes at least 2 elements to fit my final Projetc:
1. Crushed Can
2. Recycle Sign, like an arrow
When I design the arrow with leaf, I only draw once, not two because I used Horizontal and Rotational Symmetry. Here is the function on.
For the crushed can, I just used simaple calligraphy brush to draw it.
After that, I use Adobe Illustrator (AI) to fainlize my logo design. Basically, this is my first time to use AI. I ask my friend to teach me how to make my logo design in AI.
First, I draw 3 Rounded Rectangles and adjust the stroke more thicker. It finish my can deisgn. However, I am looking forward a crushed cans design, so I need to modifty the prefect can.
Second, I insert a JPEG that I created in Procreate as a draft.
Thrid, for making a crushed cans, I draw straight line segments with the Pen tool. (You can see the left photo in orange color.) Therefore, I cut the RED line to become a crush can. (Right photo)
Fourth, using the same technique for making the tab.
Fifth, for making a arrowhead, I need to click stroke for turning on arrowhead and choose dash and gap. Also, I choose ths stroke for round cap and concern to make lgoo design more good-looking.
Sixth, for making a curves, I need to click Draw curves with the Pen tool. Position the Pen tool where you want the curve to begin, and hold down the mouse button. The first anchor point appears, and the Pen tool pointer changes to an arrowhead. Drag to set the slope of the curve segment you’re creating, and then release the mouse button.
Seventh, adding text, change font and colour.
Eighth, I export AI file. Here is my final project log in Adobe Illustrator. Adobe Illustrator is able to export EPS, AIT, PDF, SVG.
Here is a final project logo making at between AI (Left) and Procreate (Right).
If you zoom in on a vector file (Left), the quality of the image remains the same. If you zoom i on a raster file (Righ), you will see that the image will start to blur. It is the different between vector and raster.
Updated: 14 MAY 2021¶
I decide to cahnge the logo a little bit since the project name already been changed. Also, the change the color of the logo from green to black. Since black may fit to different kind of colour background. It is good for making slide and video.
3. Mechanical System of Main Body¶
Generating Idea in Fusion 360 (3D CAD Software)¶
This is the first idea in ALUMINIUM CAN RECYCLING BIN should be included two part:
1. The mechanical system of crushing the can
2. The space of putting can inside the device
I decided to use slider crank for crushing the can. Therefore, the 3D design should be included slider, connecting rod and crank.
330ml can hights 11.5cm. Therefore, the space of putting can inside the device should be longer than 11.5cm. This is the first idea.
This is the first idea with animation.
After finishing the first idea, it times to print it by 3D printer from RAISE 3D Pro2 Plus as a prototype. There are some supports the space of putting.
There is a deisgn for putting the can inside the space because of arounded characteristic of the cans from the bottom and top side. Therefore, it include the Half circle design.
The space of putting can is able to put 330ml can (11.5cm tall).
Finally, I use screw and nut to make the linkage and slider jointing together.
Updated: 19 MAY 2021¶
This the second version of the main body since I try to adopt the design with 1 DC motor.
This is the second idea with animation.
The main body is made by PLA print ed by 3D printer. Since this version is still prototype, so the in-fill set only 10%. It may be one of the reason that easy to brake apart. Also, the tension of crushing is high, so this may be another reason broken apart. For the final version, I must increase the in-fill before printing. In additional, I add the connection joint (the metal), so that it may not be easy to brake apart.
Updated: 26 MAY 2021¶
Here are the different between 2nd version and 3rd version. The reason of making 3rd version of main body because 2nd still cannot crush the can and crush the drink box barely. Therefore, I decide to use 2 DC motor for increasing power of crushing. Also, I give to use linkage seems do not help for crushing and change to bearing for crushing.
This is the thrid idea with animation.
Updated : 01 JUNE 2021 Post-production¶
Since the main body is made by PLA print ed by 3D printer. For preventing brake apart, I add the metal as a connection joint with screw and nut. Here are the step for making the connection joint and post-production of adding metal.
It reinforces the structure and not easy to brake apart.
Also, I use metal in the connecting rod because the PLA seems not strong enogh for pushing forward to crush the can.
4. Computer Contolled Cutting (External Case and logo cut by vinyl cutter)¶
Updated: 03 JUNE 2021¶
Exterenal Case
It is better have a container to put all components in there, so that is reason for making External Case. It made by 5mm Acrylic and cut by laser cut is from GCC LaserPro Spirit LS. I use finger joint as an edge joints becasue the it should fit together without any gaps and the glue ensures that they are virtually indestructible.
Updated: 04 JUNE 2021¶
Logo Cut by Vinyl Vutter
The logo use sticker for sticking on my final project and cut by Vinyl Cutter is from Brother ScanNCut CM900. CLICK HERE for the deatil work in Vinyl Cutter. Here is the sticker label on my final project.
5. Electrical System¶
Electronics Design¶
This is my first time to have electronics deisgn. I use Fusion 360 for schematic design. I think Fusion 360 is very powerful, not only able to sketch 3D object, but also design schematic. First, Click New Electronics Design –> New Schematic.
Please download and install the component Libraries fab.lbr,so that you can use when you design the schematic. Here are the step for you to install in your Fusion 360. Click Add component -> Open Library Manger –> Browse –> fab.lbr(you just download the component Libraries).
Remember, Add * at the begin and after the component name, you may search more option.
Since I build from an ATtiny85. I cannot find in my Fusion 360 library. Therefore, you may go to SnapEDA to find the symbol and footprint in there. After that, Check “Fusion 360” and download it.
Finally, these are the components import in my schematic.
Since I am not familiar to operate Fusion 360 for designing schematic, so I spend lots of time to understand how to use the below commands:
- Move: move the component (Select components, choose move: group, you can move them together)
- Rotate: rotate the component (Select the component hold your Left Click and Press the Roght click)
- Net: connect between components
- Name: add name of components
- Value: add value of components (1k, 10k, 500k for resister and 1uF for capacitor) For changing the value, you sleect the component first and Right Click, choose Properties.
Since I have no idea for designing schematic, so I follow the ATtiny45 schematic as a reference. In additional, adding 1 LED with 1 ressitor and 1 Button with 1 ressitors for designing a new schematic design. Here is the result for adding all the necessary components in my schematic design.
After finishing schematic design, you can go to VALIDATE –> ERC for checking the circuit is correct electrically.
Here is the results for my first draft of schematic design. However, I find that the components that I choose from library is circle pin or size is not correct. It is not the same with my existing components that I use for stuffing. Since I do not realise size and model are important, so I need to change unwanted components.
You double click the wrong component, you can choose Replace for replacing the right component in the library. All the connection you set before still keep in the same. However, Fusion 360 show error after you click replace, you only delete the unwanted component and do it again.
FInally, I replaced all the correct components. Here is the reults in PCB.
Download the Design Rules Check script and import it into Fusion 360 DRC. Click RULES DRC/ERC –> DRC –> Load –> files_fabmodule.dru –> Apply. Follow the following step.
Choose DESIGN –> QUICK ROUTE –> Autoroutor for generating the board pattern. However, the some of the circuit are too close. It may easily happen short circuit when soldering components on the PCB.
Therefore, I design to route the board pattern by myself. Normally, I set the THICK Line for 32. However, some of the line is too close, I set those as a think line for 16.
When I route the board pattern, I find some of the circuit did not connect. As you can the reference photo for ATtiny 45. MISO should be connected to PB1. However, I find MISO do not connect with PB1, so I check back to schematic. I find pin 6 do not name in MISO, still name in PB1. Therefore, I name pin 6 in MISO. Connection is back.
It has a problem in Fusion 360 to export the png file. Even I tick for Monochrome , set 1000 dpi, full area. Finally, Fusion export the wrong file.
Production of PCB¶
I use Fab Modules for generating the G-code for our CNC (Roland Modela Pro MDX-500).
After milling, I use vacuum cleaner for cleaning. As you can see the right photo in green circle, these part cannot be trace though in milling.
I use multimeter to test for continuity in green circle. The multimeter shows 0.1Ω. It mean these part cannot be trace though in milling.
I use Plastic Cutter for scraping. FOR SAFETY, please use Double Side Tape for stable the position before you scrape.
After scraping by Plastic Cutter, multimeter shows OL. It means that part already be fully seperate and no circuit.
Soldering¶
Before, soldering components in the PCB. Collect and paste all components in my notebook. Also, I need to identifty all components position. It makes sure the direction and position of the components are correct. I may not feel confused when I am soldering.
Basic on the soldering experience in week05. After finishing soldering in every point, I will use multimeter to test the voltage, short circuit situation or resistor value is that correct. If not, I must be fixed immediately. It is hard to test for finishing all soldering part. Here is the final board with soldering.
When I design the electrical schematic, since IR Sensor and Buzzer are able to use digital pin for input and output. Therefore, I use PB2 for IR Sensor as a digital input. I use PB1 for Buzzer as a digital output. Since I use ESC for DC motor control, it needs to choose a pin has PWM function because it can control the speed for the crushing process. Therefore, I use PB4 for ESC as a PWM pin.
Embedded Programming¶
First, going to download Arduino IDE.
For the begining to use Arduino, it don’t install any ATtiny chips. Therefore, it need to download from unofficial list of 3rd party board –> search ATtiny and copy the link into the Additional Boards Manager URLs.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/damellis/attiny/ide-1.6.x-boards-manager/package_damellis_attiny_index.json
Here is the step.
After that, going to Tool –> Board:”Arduino Uno” –> Boards Manager –> search ATtiny –> click install.
After the installation, select the correct Board, Processor, Clock and Programmer that you use. For me, I select:
Board: ATtiny25/45/85
Processor: ATtiny85
Clock: Internal 16MHz
Programmer: USBtinyISP
BE CAREFULL!!!
For pluging the cable
7. Input Device and Output Device¶
This vdieo is the first prototype with 12v DC motor. It moves smoothly but I doubt that DC motor is not strong enough for crushing the can since this DC motor’s Stall is 2.1 Nm.
Updated: 24 MAY 2021¶
This video is the second prototype with other 12v DC motor. This time, I try to put the drink box to test the mechanicial system. However, the drink box did not crush by the device since this DC motor’s Stall is 6.5Nm
Updated: 31 MAY 2021¶
This video is the thrid prototype with two 12v DC motor and buzzer. The device scuccess for crushing the can because one DC motor’s Stall is 70Nm. Therefore, there are two DC motor, so the stall is 70 x2 = 140Nm. Also, it alarming during the whole crushing process to remind people to keep their hands off.
Here is the source code for the CAN CRUSHER program.
#include <Servo.h>
Servo motor; // create servo object to control a servo
// twelve servo objects can be created on most boards
int pos = 0; // variable to store the servo position
#define sensorPin PB2
#define buzzerPin PB1
void setup() {
motor.attach(PB4); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object
motor.write(90);
delay(2000);x
pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT);
pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(buzzerPin,LOW);
}
void loop() {
if (!digitalRead(sensorPin))
{
//alarm
for(int i=0;i<40;i++)
{
digitalWrite(buzzerPin,!digitalRead(buzzerPin));
delay(50);
}
digitalWrite(buzzerPin,HIGH);
while (!digitalRead(sensorPin))
{
motor.write(180);
delay(300);
}
}
digitalWrite(buzzerPin,LOW);
delay(5000);
motor.write(90); //stop the motor
}
Final Project File Download¶
Logo.png
External Case.cdr
Main Body.f3d
Schematic Design.sch
PCB Design.fbrd
PCB Milling Trace.png
PCB Milling Outline.png
