Electronics design





    Task of the week

    What I have did

    Group assignment :

  • Tested the microcontoller board using multimeter to know the current and voltage.

  • Use the test equipment in your lab to observe the operation of a micro-controller circuit board.

  • Have redraw the echo hello-world board from the embedded programming page.

    Individual assignment :

  • Have design the board in addition of push button and LED.

  • Redraw an echo hello-world board.

  • Programmed it using Fab ISP.

  • Add a button and LED.

  • Have tested it.

  • Make it and test it.

  • Have shown the operating board.


    Week 6 : -

    In this week we have to study different testing parameters in a group assignment. In the previous week we have studied the different factors milling pcb on SRM-20. This week we have implemented for designing and milling the hellow world board.

    In group assignment we have tested the "PCB" of our group member (Snehal). We have tested the current and voltage across load, resistence and continuity of soldered traces of circuit with the help of "Multimeter" by setting it in the direction of the parametre we have to test on it.

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    Also, we have use the "Regulated power supply" to check the input and output power we gave to the circuit.

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    And we have also test oscilloscope, where we can check the voltage in the citcuit and also we can see the sructure of our power supply whether it is (DC or AC) in the form of wave.



    Individual Assignment :-

    In the individual assignment we have to design the circuit by our own by using any circuit design software. I have use "EAGLE" (Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor). Eagle is easily accessible and user friendly software. Eagle has flexible and expandable EDA (Electronic Design Automation) schematic capture, PCB layout, autorouter and CAM programing features.

    Steps to download 'Egale' in our operating system :-

  • First we need to install eagle in our opertaing system. I have downloaded Eagle 9.5.2. in my operating system.

  • Then we have to add the 'Fab library'(eagl_fab) in the Eagle interface. by adding this library we get the list of different components we requires in circuit designing.

  • For adding fab library, I have visited the electronic designing page of 'Fab schedule' and clicked on the libraries option.

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  • Git bash window is get open as shown below. We can see different option of libraries in the below window. In the list of libraries we have to select "Eagle".

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  • 'Git lab' page is get open. Now click on download option in the window to download 'Eagle library' in our storage.

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  • After downloading eagle library we need to store it in the libraries folder of eagle in the 'Documents' as shown below. In this way the first step is get completed.

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  • Now, for designing a circuit in eagle first open eagle below window get open on the screen, click on the project option in the list.

  • Here we need to add a folder in which we can save our circuit design files. I have created the folder with name 'Fab'.

  • Double click on the folder here we need to add our project. I have added the name of project 'Hello world'.

  • Now when we right click on Hellow world the list of option get open on the screen in this list we have to select 'New'. In the list of new we need to select 'Schematics', this is the previous stage of circuit designing in which we need to add the components and connect them with each other as per the requirement of the function our circuit will going to perform.

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  • To add the componenets require for the circut we have to type use as shown below.

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  • Library Manager gets open click on Available a dropdown list get open on the screen at the bottom of the list there is the Browser option.

  • When we double click on the option a use window get open on the screen. In this window select document folder, click on eagle.

  • The list of files strore in eagle get open. Now click on libraries option and select eagle_fab in it. Finally click on open to open the library in the eagle software.

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  • The library is get added in Eagle.

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  • The below image shows the components that I have used to deaigning a hellow world board circuit.

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  • After drawing the schematic of hellow world board, we need to check the errors in our schematics before routing the board.

  • For that we click on ERC option at the top of the window. Which shows us the details of error in our schematics and warning. I have check all the warnings and have fixed it.

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  • Along with ERC there is an another option called DRC. I have refer this document to know about DRC errors.

  • DRC means Design rule check is the option provided in the eagle to ckeck the trace width in our board design. This will help us to design the board by considering all manufacturing limitations.

  • Suppose we have design a complit board and we does not resovle the connection of only one trace, in this case may be we need to use the trace with smaller track-width. So this option will help us to solve this problem.

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  • After selecting DRC the below window get opens on the screen. This will shows us the message of to check the track-width in our design and change it if needed.

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  • When we click on the Edit discription option then we can see the below image which shows the discription of the design rule.

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  • This is the discription of DRC. In the image we can seen " 0 " errors and " 1 " warning.

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  • When we click on the dropdown arrow of the warning then we can see white box highlighting the place where we need to do change.

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  • I have click on the approved option. After that when we recheck the DRC then we can see the " 0 " errors and warning.

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  • After solwing all warnings and errors click on board option for switching to the board routing window.

  • In this window we can see the footprints of different components we have added for circuit designing.

  • In the image we also can see the Ripup option. This option is used to delet the trace.

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  • In the image blow I have shown the Line option to draw the border around the circuit. Net command is use to draw the traces (line between the two footprints) to join the components, here we can change the trace width. Here have selected the trace width '16 square mil'.

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  • Here we need to place the components in such a way that it should be easy to rout that means to connect it with each other with the help of trace line.

  • After routing now we have add a border around our circuit, it is nothing but the cut file we need to give for defining the specific shape and space to cut our PCB.

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  • Now we have to save the trace file and cut file separately.

  • First I have saved the trace file which is the actual diagram of footprints and traces in the board.

  • For that we have to select the Layer option at the top left of the window. And select the Top layer in the list. We only can see the trace part in red color. Now press on the Ok button.

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  • Now click on the File menu and select Export option. Click on Image this will creat our file in .png format.

  • When we click on Export option above window gets open on the screen. In this window first click on the Browser option it will ask us for the folder in which we want to save the file. Select the folder and add the name of file we want.

  • Further click on Monochrome option. Select resolution as 1000 dpi, area=full and press Ok.


  • Above image shows the PNG image of the trace and cut file of the circuit.

  • Fallow the same procedure to save the cut(border around the circuit). To generate the file in .png formate. Just we have to select Diamension option from the Layer menu.



    Acessories used for building a board :-

  • I have used following acessories during soldering the components on board.

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  • In the images below we can see the millied board on SRM-20 milling machine.


  • To make my board working I have used following component to solder it on the milled board.

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  • In the below image we can see the soldering procedure.

  • In the first image I have solder the component on the board with the help of soldering metal. The detail of soldering process I have mentioned in the Electronic production week.

  • In the second image we can see the first soldered component i.e. Atatiny 44 microcontroller. We can see always the microcontroller is mounted at the ceneter of board and all other components are mounted arround it. The reason of first soldering this component is that if we first mount the microcontoller on the board it makes easy to solder other component arround it.

  • In the last image we can see the complete soldered board.


    Hero shot : -

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    Error : -

    After designing and milling the hellow world board. I have programed it with a simple Blinking LED with button program as shown in the image. But the board does not work. LED on the board does not blink. For fixing this problem frist I have check that whether the soldering is proper or not by checking the continuity across the components with the help of multimeter. But the soldering was proper. I have recheck the connection in my board design. In this board I have added the LED and button. To operate the LED with uploaded program it's possitive end should be connected to VCC and negative end should be connected to GND so that to complete the loop. But in my design I have connected the positive end of LED to reset pin of microcontroller through push button. Because of this mistake, LED does not work. For fixing this problem first I have cut the track which connects the positive terminal of the LED with the reset pin and then I have connected the positive terminal to the PB3 pin and have done the changes in the program accordingly and have uploaded it with the help of FabISP. Finally my hellow world board is working .

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    Coding : -


	
	               
//modified by : Tejswini Chaudhari
// LED blinking with push button.

const int buttonPin = PB0;
 const int ledPin =  PB2;
 
 int buttonState = 0;
 
 
 void setup(){
 
 // // initialize the LED pin as an output:
pinMode(ledPin, PB2);

// initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:
pinMode(buttonPin, buttonState);	

}


void loop() {

// read the state of the pushbutton value:
if (buttonState ==  HIGH)  {
    
	// turn LED on:
	digitalWrite(ledPin,HIGH);
	
    } else  {
   
    // turn LED off:
   digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);
  
    }
    

 }
   

  • In the below vedio we can see the blinking LED on the board.


    Download design files : -

    Learning out-comes :-

  • In this week we have tested different parameters like current, voltage,...etc of PCB by using different devices like multimeter, oscilloscope,...etc to get and introduction of how we can use these devices to measure different paramters as per our requirment .

  • In "Electronic production" week we have printed the ready-made PCB designed by "Niel". But, in this week I have used "Eagle" for designing my PCB.

  • Eagle is a very user firendly software for designing various electronic circuit.

  • In this week we have done more practices of soldering by mounting different electronic components on the PCB.

  • As I am a mechanical engineer, It was difficult for me to design a new circuit. This week was helped me a lot to know the small but very important parameters like Vcc, GND(ground), MOSI, MISO,...etc . Which are necessory to consider while desiging a new circuit.

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Solar Automatic Shredder by Tejswini Chaudhari is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
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