Principles and Practices

To give a general idea about my final project

My final project is to create a home automation to facilitate family life and optimize the resource. Home automation is a building specialty that combines techniques to control, automate and program the habitat. It is a recent discipline resulting from the application to the habitat of computer programming. The word "domotics" is used recently in the language and is a contraction of the words domus (home in Latin) and the suffix "tick" associated with the technique. The tasks associated with home automation in the home concern electrically powered technical devices.
The goal is to allow the occupant of the house a remote manipulation in order to control installed system

1. To build a house by laser cutter.
2. Install the RFID Modul to access.
3. Intall the PIR Modul to make light ON and OFF.
4. Using a remote control to use fan.

• Different component
The house : will be built from the project Computer Controle cutting project. which will allow to cut the different parts of the house then the assemblies. Dimension: the house will be 80cm in length and 45cm without roof because it is not the goal.
the material used will be the wood and cardboard.
the other parts of this final project will come from different project like PCB which will be used, the box of control starting from the 3D printer, ....
• how it works
Through radio waves, an electrical network and a cabling system allowing our equipment to communicate with each other, and will be controlled by a central computer (Microcontrolleur) that I will create and programmed to work with different components. The information is transmitted on the electrical network of the house. The software will be installed on the smartphone to manage the bluetooth equipment to manage the window motors, the PIR to manage the lighting, the RFID for the door, ...
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Project Management

Make a web site

Introduction

In an administration it is very important to archive the information and define the communication protocol by having a database. The Fab Academy offers a very special communication system between students and administration during training by creating a website. Objectively this website is a means of communication between the administration and the students, allowing to see their progress and different creation in their respective fab labs to make them visible worldwide through Fab Academy where the purpose of this first project.

Project Detail

Create a Web site.

Work through a git tutorial.

Given a personal description.

Files

Agreement Student

My Web site.

Creating a site requires knowledge of HTML5, CSS3, BOOSTRAP, JAVA, ... To edit the Web, I documented myself on:
W3schools is very useful to learn.
Tutorials Point Very good for beginer.
Bootstrap that gives beautiful editable modelsVery good.
CSS contains the way HTML elements should be displayed.
An HTML document is a plain text file, usually with an

.html

extension. To edit an HTML document, you will need a text editor such as one of the following. The text editor used is: Visual Studio Code is a source-code editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, Linux and macOS. It includes support for debugging, embedded Git control, highlighting, intelligent code completion, snippets, and code refactoring.

Edit HTMl Text

Create a new directory somewhere on your computer. html is a good name for it. Then create a new file into it. With one of the above mentioned text editors it should be possible to create a file with the extension

.html

. You should end up with a file structure as follows.

.html
└── index.html

I am calling the file index.html because usually it is the first file your web browser is looking for when you open a website. By using your text editor, add the following content to the

index.html

file and save it. After multiple temptation I ended up getting a satisfactory result so I almost did not believe it.
My first is page is how this one, and for me it was already a lot because I went from zero to similar result and I consider that it is a big progress for me or the importance of starting from the Fab Academy.

Git

GitHub is a development platform inspired by your way of working.SSSSS From open source to business, you can host and review code, manage projects and create software alongside 31 million developers. GitHub is a code hosting platform for version control and collaboration. It lets you and others work together on projects from anywhere.

Git workflow

GitLab and SSH keys

Git is a distributed version control system, which means you can work locally but you can also share or "push" your changes to other servers. Before you can push your changes to a GitLab server you need a secure communication channel for sharing information. The SSH protocol provides this security and allows you to authenticate to the GitLab remote server without supplying your username or password each time. For a more detailed explanation of how the SSH protocol works, we advise you to read this nice tutorial by DigitalOcean. To generate your SSh key: I strongly recommend that you install Git BASH
for Windows to use the same command as a Unix / Linux-based interface. After installation, run Git BASH and a black page will appear as the guest's command.

Locating an existing SSH key pair

Then, before generating a new private and public key be sure that don't already have one using the command : cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub If you receive such a message, that means you already have an SSH key. it shows that I already have a SSh key. To have it just enter this code. ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "YOUR_EMAIL@example.com" This command will ask you for a location and file name to store the key pair and a password. When prompted for the location and name of the file, just press Enter to use the default. If you use a different name, the key will not be used automatically. To understand how to work with Git FabAcademy and how to set up your own folder for future projects you can follow this tutorial link Mathieu Borgognon's notebook
made by Mathieu whom I thank very much for his contribution through this work.

Git Flow

Git Flow is a method, a Git architecture allowing to separate the work as much as possible and to touch as little as possible to the Master branch. This method represents an architecture in branches. To begin we will create a branch Develop, which will be the main branch by or pass all commits.

Master :

This branch contains the production code. All of the development code is merged into master's time. develop - this branch contains preproduction code. When the features are complete, they are merged to grow. During the development cycle, various support branches are used:

Develop :

This branch contains preproduction code. When the features are complete, they are merged to grow. During the development cycle, various support branches are used:

feature :

 feature branches are used to develop new features for the upcoming releases. May branch off from develop and must merge into develop.

hotfix :

hotfix branches are necessary to act immediately upon an undesired status of master. May branch off from master and must merge into master anddevelop.

release :

release branches support preparation of a new production release. They allow many minor bug to be fixed and preparation of meta-data for a release. May branch off from develop and must merge into master anddevelop.

Function

The first step is to complete the default master branch with a develop branch. A very simple solution is to create an empty develop branch locally and pusher it to the server:

git branch develop
git push -u origin develop

This branch will contain the complete history of the project, while the master branch will contain an abbreviated version. At this point, other developers should clone the central repository and create a follow-on develop branch. When using the git-flow extension library, running git flow init on an existing repository creates the development branch (develop):

$ git flow init
Initialized empty Git repository in ~/project/.git/
No branches exist yet. Base branches must be created now.
Branch name for production releases: [master]
Branch name for "next release" development: [develop]
How to name your supporting branch prefixes?
Feature branches? [feature/]
Release branches? [release/]
Hotfix branches? [hotfix/]
Support branches? [support/]
Version tag prefix? []
$ git branch
* develop
master

Branches of functionality

You must create a branch for each feature. These branches will then be pushed to the central repository for backup / collaboration. However, instead of creating a new branch from master, feature branches use the develop branch as a parent branch. When a feature is complete, it is again merged into develop. The features never communicate directly with the master branch.

Creating a feature branch

Without the git-flow extensions:

git checkout develop
git checkout -b feature_branch

Lorsque vous utilisez l'extension git-flow :

git flow feature start feature_branch

You can consult this tutorial to have all the details possible on the various functions of Workflow Gitflow

This (this) work is made by KANIK DIUR Cedric available according to the terms of the Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International .
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Computer-Aided Design

Conception 2D, 2.5D and 3D.

Introduction

I have no experience in design, drawing, or even basic knowledge of 2D and 3D design software. This program was for me an opportunity to learn how to create, design, design a 2D and 3D object . by starting with 123D AUTODESK, FUSION 360, inkscap, ...
I made drawings simple but with much more application I realized more complex and that thanks to the tutorials on the software; some of them are related to the final project of my Fab Lab others are research activities being learned through the attribution of FabLab courses.
Here are some of my creating this week, the Calabasse...
Draw a shape 2d, then use the function "Revolve", choose the axis from which we would like to start and revolve up to 360 °.

Design Process 3D

After using the function "Shell" to have a hollow and get a content, smoothed the contour with "Chamfer" for a better shape ... to realize my drawings and 3d design, I followed tutorials on the use of 123D Autodesk, Fusion 360, ... it's that gave me a basic knowledge to realize each design ...

Design process 2D

These conceptions are the first ones of my life, I never had used any software of the design 2D or 3D not even drawn. Thanks to this formation of fab academy I arrive realized what was unthinkable for me.

Download

Calabasse

Ring key

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Computer-Controlled Cutting

Laser Cutter Design

Introduction

The lessons on 2D design are becoming more and more important, and to put this into practice, I have applied myself by creating a part of the final project, since this one is designed to create a house where an order will be installed. I created 2D models with 123D Autodesk that make up every part of the house.
The goal is computer-controlled cutting using two different machines:

Laser Cutter

&

Vinyl Cutter

Laser Cutting

The main mission of this project is to design and build a triplex house, which is a part of my final project. This must be created so that no nail or glue is applied to join each part, it will be mounted and demountable thanks to the model press feet. NB: This house is designed as a puzzle model in 3D. The main purpose of this house is largely defined in my final project.

Dsign

Press-fit kit design

I decided to use the two tools I'm familiar with, Fusion 360 from AutoDesks and 123D AutoDesk. for their similarities in functionality, although Fusion definitely has the nicest interface of both and many more features, including a common feature that I will look at later), The reason for my choice is that this tool allows you to build the model in a very basic interface and easy to learn for someone like me who does not have much experience in this area and can develop very quickly.
I started by drawing the different faces of my house which will represent the walls then the attached cutter the others to have a living space according to the plan of the house. each part is extracted in 2d so that it is cut by laser and Vynile cutting





it will consist of 10 parts that will represent the facade walls and partitions having different dimmension that will form my house and each part is designed to fit the other (press fit).

Process

The Laser Cutter and Engraver is a computer-controlled cutting device that offers superior levels of precision and edge quality over traditional cutting methods. It also allows us to cut or engrave complex shapes and design different materials. To set the laser cutting machine it suffic to read the notif of the used device or another because the functions are standard as the case for me, I read the Epilog manupilation document and the machine that used is EPILOG , the basics are all just the same.

Machine parameter and feature

Brand name: TROTEC

Feature	Measured
Power	60 to 80 W
Speed	8mm/s
Tubes lasers	Waveguide CO2
Marking zone	1000* 1500 mm
Speed and power control	80 % depending de material you use
Cooling mode:	Cooling by circulation of water

Parametric pressfit

I created a rectangular shape at a precise height of 160 mm and two other forms much smaller. Then place it on the other and place it on the side wanted to create a nesting space.

you will see that I used the batten for the adjustment of the lines. the two small shapes will help me to have the exact dimensions of the pressfit while creating the intermediate spaces.

the resulting form will be used as a reference for all another part.




The laser cutting as well as other machine controlled by the computer have a few millimeters near the simillary parameters. Before cutting or engraving, the lens must be moved to the desired point and the parameter set to zero, then press the FRAME button. this button allows you to select the work area and allows you to see if the material and small or misplaced. I read the manual trotec because I planned the used and lack of size I preferred Lintianzhiyuan to not cut my wooden plange. click HERE

Assembly

Groupe Assignment

Goal

Characterize your lasercutter's focus, power, speed, rate, kerf, and joint clearance

Group members

KIOKO MUTHUI

DERICK WERE

BRAMWEL OLELLA

Cedric KANIK DIUR

Introduction

first we learned about Kerf. Factors affecting kerf. What is vector and raster mode in cutting? How it influences the laser parameters such as power, frequency and speed during cutting ?.

What does kerf means

The laser burns away portion of a material when it cut through. This is known as laser kerf and it ranges from 0.08 mm – 1mm based on the material type and other conditional factors. We have used kerf of 0.02 mm for our laser cutter. Some of the applications of various materials with thickness and average [Kerf] (http://www.cutlasercut.com/resources/tips-and-advice/what-is-laser-kerf) are listed in the below table,

Laser cutting steps

JOG - used to set the origin for starting the cutting, and it is selected with the up and down arrows. A joystick is used to position the laser head at the start point and when in position, press the joystick to set the Jog. FOCUS - sets the correct height of the table of the cutter. A 2-inch aluminium piece is used to set the height by using the joystick’s up and down motions to position the table. When in place, the aluminium is removed, and the focus is set. JOB - used to select the work to be cut from the printing queue. The joystick is again used, and when the right job is selected, an estimated cutting time will be displayed on the control panel.

Testing the Kerf of Laser Cutter

Vinyl Cutter

A vinyl cutter is a uses a computer-controlled blade to cut out shapes designed using vector graphics. The vinyl cutter is primarily used for cutting vinyl into signs or stickers, but can also be used to cut copper tape into circuit traces. Regarding the vynile cutter, I would use the paint paper by cutting it to the same size and form of house that will serve as decoration. and make an eagle design for a decoration.

Characteristic Vinyl Cutter

The GX-24 uses a digital servo motor for maximum accuracy and cutting speeds of up to 20 inches per second. The desktop knife also features a curve smoothing feature that allows precise cutting even at high speeds. The result is faster production and more professional graphics.

Width:	Accepts materials from two to 27.5 inches wide
Mechanical Resolution:	0.0005
Speed	up to 20 inches per second
Power:	Maximum strength of 250 grams
Materials:	vinyl, paint mask, reflective vinyls, twill, heat transfer and
Software included	Roland CutStudio
Cooling mode:	Cooling by circulation of water

How to use Vinyl Cutter

The Vinyl Cutter we will use in Fab Lab Winam is Roland GX24.

Your vinyl cut files should only contain vectors.

Vectors must be just lines, without fill.

Vinyl cutters can only interpret cutting lines.

All vectors must be contained within the canvas of the document.

For more information Roland GX24 follow this Tutorial

Download

House part

Front part

EAGLE HEAD

This (this) work is made by KANIK DIUR Cedric available according to the terms of the Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International .
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Electronic Production

PCB fabrication

Introduction

Electronics is a completely new subject for me and my experience now includes the work and programming that will be done during this project with the PCB. My knowledge basic arduino and my passion for better this archture did not help me enough, I needed more than that and I should put myself. In this project, we were asked to create our own system-integrated programmer (ISP) by milling a printed circuit board (abbreviated PCB), stuffing it (by equipping it with tiny components) and programming it. I had no idea what it really meant, it's the hardest week for me, I admit.

Goal

make an in-circuit programmer
program it, then optionally try other PCB processes...

Notes

I started by visualizing some tutorials about creating a pcb and follow the steps and how to used EAGLE AUTODESK and EASY EDA.
I preferred using Eagle Autodesk for ease when editing.

Design

I decided to create the circuit to make me more familiar with the software and different components.

Finding components with the Add Part function

Label each port with the label function

Then used the function Net for for creates the links

And the ERC function to check for errors

By Eagle Autodesk

By Easy EDA

I used this idea and I make it manualy what I have to see what my circuit looks like.

board part

The visible routing below took a lot of trouble before appearing as "good", but I must admit it was part of the process very interesting. EAGLE has an automatic routing function which is even more advantageous.
I decided to create two circuits with different software just to test their functionality, which leads me to conclude that Easu EDA is more complicated than Eagle Autodesk. LEDs and their associated resistors are optional; the red LED lights up when the target circuit is energized and the green LED lights up when the programmer speaks to the target. Solder the parts on the PCB using the diagram and the card image below as a reference for the values and location of the components. Start with the most difficult parts (ATtiny45), in order to have the most access possible. Install the ISP header last because it is large and may be annoying if you do it earlier.

Process

To achieve the desired result, the process is a bit long but it is worth it because quality is the priority. once the design is finished: What needs to be done

Print it in PDF mode

Exported in .PNG format on fab modul

Setting

the format accepted by the fab modul is .PNG for this one is milling by the mini cnc monofab. on the interface of the fab modul we see more configuration and parameter like the size of pcb and the functions calculate that allows you to do the printing circuit of the mini cnc. the control panel is very simple, we have the 3 axes that are represented by (X, Y and Z). With the arrow we will set the point 0 by testing with a piece of paper.

Difficulty

my first pcb was not well done because the machine used is not really suitable for milling tools of small sizes and following that we have adobté another means or mechanism to reproduce the circuit on the board. I discovered in a tutorial another way to create a pcb without going through milling.

Process By Vinyl cutter

Cut the pattern with the vinyl machine, glued on the copper board and then stomp it in iron perchloride which will remove all copper except that of the drawing which protects the plastic sticky paper. This will allow us to obtain the design of our circuit board on the board and thus proceed to the soldering of the components.
Then put the board in a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid in a plastic recipiant and then shake gently until all the copper will disappear.

Then clean it gently with clean water.
By removing the plastic paper, you have a perfect circuit and there are only soldered different components.

Tools

The choice of components depends on the functionality you want to perform, how in our case the selected components will allow us to programmed the pin

Components	Feature	Quatity
microcontroller	ATtiny85	1
Pinheader	2x3 2,54mm	1
Diodes Zener	3.3V or 3.6V	2
Résistor	49 Ω	2
Résistor	499 Ω	2
Résistor	1KΩ	2
Solder JUMPER	-	1
Capacitor 1206	100 nF	1
LED	-	2

Soldering

NB: Reference : The FabISP design is interesting because it offers several possibilities and tutorials on this subject. Neil's FabISP is based on David Mellis' FabISP, which is based on Limor's USBTinyISP, which is based on Dick Streefland's USBTiny.

Program The FabISP

To program the FabISP, I used an Arduino UNO by following this tutorial steps by step.

Connecting the Attiny to the Arduino Uno

The technical characteristics of this microcontroller are as follows:

Flash memory size 8 KB (for programs)

SRAM 512 Bytes Memory

EEPROM Memory 512 Bytes

Number of Inputs / Outputs: Up to 6 (5 in practice)

Maximum output current: 40 mA

Maximum total current 200 mA

Supply voltage: 2.7 to 5.5V

Frequency of use: 0 to 20Mhz

Pin	Arduino uno	ATtiny85
RESET	Pin 10	Reset Pin
MOSI	Pin 11	Pin 0
MISO	Pin 12	pin 1
SCK	Pin 13	pin 2

Loading the ArduinoISP program on Arduino using the Arduino IDE :

Go to preferences and enter the following URL: in the box "Additional board URL" at the bottom of the screen, then click OK: Then go to the menu "Card type" / "Boards Manager", click on attiny and an "Install" button should appear now. Click on it. and in the menu "Tool" / "Type of card" there must now be Attiny ... Your Arduino IDE is now ready to program Attiny.
In the "Tool" menu, select:

Card type: Attiny,

Processor: Attiny85,

Programmer: Arduino as ISP.

Then open the ArduinoISP sketch available through the menus in the examples and upload it to your Arduino.

Use AVRDUDE to download the FabISP Firmare using the Arduino bootloader

By default, the Attiny turns at 1 MHz. To use the SoftwareSerial library (if you need it), you have to program it to run at 8 MHz. For this, once the editing done previously, you have to choose from the menu "Tool" / "Clock" / "8Mhz INTERNAL". Because what we want is to be able to program the ATtiny85 from the Arduino IDE, which requires to burn the bootloader on the ATtiny85, we will have to "prepare" the Arduino fist by transferring the schema ISP. In the Arduino IDE, select File -> Examples -> 11. Arduino ISP -> ArduinoISP the ISP sketch should open and download it to your Arduino Uno Then select from the "Tool" menu "Burn the initialization sequence". Test that the ATtiny85 can now receive drawings from the Arduino IDE by downloading the flashing example Go to File -> Example -> 01.Basics -> blink Modify the sketch by replacing pin 13 with 0 Make sure you have always selected the ATtiny85 card settings from the previous step. Make sure all wiring is identical to the previous step Download sketch Wire an LED by connecting the anode to pin 0 (physical pin 5) and the cathode to a 1K resistor connected to ground (physical pin 4). Although a resistor is not necessary because the battery provides 3v (not enough to explode an LED), it is recommended to lower the brightness of the LED FabISP Tutorial

int LED = 0;
void setup() {
// initialize digital pin LED as an output.
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(LED, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}

Downloads

• Schematic
• Board

Video

This (this) work is made by KANIK DIUR Cedric available according to the terms of the Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International .

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3D Scanning and Printing

Create a 3D design

Introduction

This week I was simply inspired by everything around me (tools, decorative object, ...) and I decided to reproduce a small box that contains wireless earphone. The design of this small box is a size of 35 to 40 cm without cover. Follow the details of the design.

Design process

Step 1

Since I quickly became familiar with the 123D autodesk software, it seemed easier for me to use it for this project, even though I think that Fusion 360 would be better. I draw elipses forms that correspond to the shape of the box to reproduce.

Step 2

I draw elliptical shapes of 54 mm by 27 mm which correspond to the shape and the dimensions of the box to reproduce. After I use the function "extrude" to have the shape 3D to 35 mm and I get this.
When the 3D design is finished, it exported in .STL format for its impession. the Fablab Winam uses the 3DWox DP200 for a Simplified 3D Printing
The things around us are our first inspirations and that the reproduction of the box of the earphone...

Difficulty

The difficulty encountered is that I did not get the result at 10% wanted because I could not realize some form like the crux and also realized the locks of my box.

3D Scanner

The principle of 3D scanning by a 3D scanner is the projection of a shape defined on an object to photograph its deformed offset. This distortion will allow to deduce the geometry in space and thus its shape in 3d.

Different scan technique

There are several techniques to scan an object, among which we have: White Light Scanning Scanner, Photogrammetry, Vision Machine, 3D Coordinate Machine, Destructive Slicing, Laser Tracer ... For my project i choosed Photogrammetry.

Photogrammetry :

Photogrammetry is a technology based on standard photography and projective geometry and was originally used to digitize large objects such as buildings, derricks and warehouses. The principle of photogrammetry is to take multiple images of the object and manual or automatic common points to each photograph to create a 3D object.

Process

Process

Started by installed software 3DF Zephyr


Then take several pictures of the object in all possible directions.
If you have the free version you must take maximum 50 pictures.
Then open the 3D Zephyr software and create a new project on the Workflow tab.
Upload the pictures you have taken. To have a better result put lot pics and good quality.
Follow different parameters during the process by choosing the desired parameters.
for my case the category I chose is Close range and presets I chose deep . Started the process by clicking on RUN. what you have is just the first resutat and as you can see it is a bit dirty or unclear so you have to go to the second step. To improve the quality the quality of the result,Go again the workflowe tab and choose Cloud Point Dance ... And we can see how the quality of the images is much better after this second resolution. Then you use tools to remove the background and images of the environment to keep only the one you are interested in. Finally the last key before the final result is always used in the Workflow menu selected Mesh Extraction then RUN to start the process. And this is the final result

Difficulty

The process is long and you have to have a good graphics card to get the best result.
the design file is too big and can not be downloaded by GIT because it exceeds the maximum size so I have it in my virtual memory DRIVE and shared the link to download it

Downloads

• Box design
• 3D Scan

Video

This (this) work is made by KANIK DIUR Cedric available according to the terms of the Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International .
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Electronic-Design

Drawing a circuit board

Introduction

Electronic design is defined as a small category of software and processing products for designing electronic systems using computers. It is in itself a tool often used to design printed circuit boards, processors, etc. The design process starts with writing the circuit either on paper and then creating a diagram showing how the components are legally connected. Next, design the layout of the map, or map, that shows how the components are organized on the map. Once the design is complete, it must be exported to your factory.
After having tried EASY EDA and some other software, EAGLE PCB DESIGN seemed to me easier to use for the design of the printed circuit board. In addition it allows you to add the library FAB although the first time I was a little confused but the interface is beautiful for the grip.
NB: For a better result of your Fab Academy project, you will need to download the fab library which contains all the components we will use. You can find it here Fab.lbr . Just look for "fab.lbr". When you download the file, you can move it to your sketchpad manager in the lbr folder. Or you can simply click on "library" then "use" and search for the library and click ok.

Goal

Redraw the echo hello-world board, add (at least) a button and LED (with current-limiting resistor) check the design rules, make it, and test it extra credit: simulate its operation

Basic Electronics

Current (I):

Is a flow of electricity which results from the ordered directional movement of electrically charged particles.

Voltage (V):

Also called electromotive force, is a quantitative expression of the potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field. It can be direct or alternating.

Resistance:

Is an electrical quantity that measures how the device or material reduces the electric current flow through it. The resistance is measured in units of ohms. If we make an analogy to water flow in pipes, the resistance is bigger when the pipe is thinner, so the water flow is decreased. One volt will drive one coulomb (6.24 x 1018) charge carriers, such as electrons, through a resistance of one ohm in one second.

Electronic Components

Diode :

A semiconductor device with two terminals, allowing the flow of current in one direction only. The two terminals are cathode and anode with the cathode end of the diode may have a line marked .

Resistor :

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.

Capacitor :

A device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or more pairs of conductors separated by an insulator.

Pull-up and Pull-up resistor :

Pull-up resistors are resistors which are used to ensure that a wire is pulled to a high logical level in the absence of an input signal. Pull-down resistors work in the same manner as pull-up resistors, except that they pull the pin to a logical low value

Resonator - crystal oscillator :

A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency. When connected in an electronic oscillator circuit, resonant mechanical vibrations in the device generate an oscillating signal of a specific frequency

Microcontroller :

Microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. It has only a CPU inside them in one or few Integrated Circuits.

Design Conception

To start I clicked File> New> Project in the menu bar Then right-click on the newly created project to select New> Schematic. Noted well: clicked on the gray point beside the project for this one is green. projects with a green dot next to the newly created project.
The design is divided into two main parts:

1. The schematic part
2. The proprietary board which is the final result

Schematic part

Finding components with the Add Part function

Label each port with the label function

Then used the function Net for for creates the links

And the ERC function to check for errors

board part

The visible routing below took a lot of trouble before appearing as "good", but I must admit it was part of the process very interesting. EAGLE has an automatic routing function which is even more advantageous.

Solder

Downloads

Schematic

board

Difficulty

The electronic is a new branch for me and I could hardly distinguish distinguished different parts and found them. then the language fails me then everything is in English while I come from a French speaking country, a great challenge that I am ready has gone back.

This (this) work is made by KANIK DIUR Cedric available according to the terms of the Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International .
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Computer-Controlled Machining

Using CNC

Introduction

The CNC is a milling machine, also called, it uses a cutting tool called "milling cutter" to machine or cut different material. Typically, the milling machine is automated by a software package called computer-aided design (CAD). A CAD or DFN (Numerical Forms Definition) model determines the geometry (size and shapes) of the products to be machined. In most cases, we need these 2D or 3D files to start a production.

Goal

Make (design+mill+assemble) something big.
this week i wanted to do something that i have always dreamed of, high class design in my eyes. this design is a deer head in the shape of a puzzle, a decoration of high class.

CNC

A CNC is a machine that uses a drill that rotates at a very high speed to remove material from a workpiece.

CNC parameter

Process:

First, the block of material is fixed on a table in the machine. Then, the milling cutter mills the workpiece by means of two movements, one in advance and the other cutting (by rotation effect). The rotational movement of the cutter is allowed by a spindle. The milling machine can have 3 or 5 axes ours has 3 axes, the milling moves according to 3 coordinates, x, y and z. Finally, the machined part is extracted from the machine.

The main technical characteristics :

The cutters can be differentiated by the type of toothing, the direction of the cut or the shape.

The axis of the spindle can be horizontal (the z axis will be horizontal), vertical (the z axis will be vertical) or universal.

The milling machine can have 3 axes, 4 axes (three linear axes plus a turntable) or 5 axes (three linear axes plus 2 rotary axes).

The speed of production of the material has cut.

Drawing

Drawing software I know more and more and I discover again, the chooses became a dilemma and each project in the Fab Academy has its particularity. For this one I found better to use Corel Drow Graphics Suite X7, an intuitive graphical solution, is the tool of choice for any designer who values the quality of the result and its impact. Whatever the project, graphic design, layout, photo editing or website design Web, you will boot it quickly thanks to the range of tools complete suite and its business workflow. Thanks to its palette of tools it allowed me to reproduce the different parts of my puzzle.

Dogbones CNC

When cutting materials with the CNC, a known problem is that if the CNC can create a perfect outer corner, the inner corners can never be sharper than the diameter of the cutting tool. Thus, if you use for example a 6 mm grinder, not all inner corners will be perfect right angles, but will instead have an inside diameter of 3 mm (the diameter of the half of the cutting tool). Sometimes these little rounded corners matter little. are almost always a problem of joints - where often another piece of plywood, which is by nature square, must fit perfectly into a hole or slot. If the hole or slot has very rounded corners, the connection piece just will not fit. After correction, I was redirected by this item of dog borne which parmis modified my drawing by adding the dog bound to beautify it and gave it an elegant form As my drawing already done, to add the dog bone to this one, I had to create an apart with a diameter of 3mm and proceeded to the replacement of square corners that I had before.

Decoupage process

The created design is saved in .DXF format and later imported to the CNC software as it reads the 2D file.
Manually set the machine according to the 3 axes (X, Y and Z) placed where it is desired that the machine starts cutting or engraving and then set this point as point 0.

Difficulty and solution

My first breakup was a failure because the design was not designed for hardware having this thickness, and the spaces were too big then not average of the assemblies. So, I should change the design taking into account two things. the thickness of the material used in relation to the size of the tool.

After making some corrections to my mistakes, the result was good. the deer's head was represented in a beautiful manner.

group assignment

Goal

Test runout, alignment, speeds, feeds, and toolpaths for your machine

Cnc Parts

We need the Spindle Key for changing the bit

Flute type :

Drill bit Vs End mills

Upcut & Downcut

Flat/ball end

In an Upcut type end mill the teeth on the flute will point upwards. This means that the end mill is cutting and drawing out the wood through the flute. This is good for cutting deep into the stock. But this leaves a bad surface finish on the top of the surface.

Safety Tools

Test cuts

Test runout, alignment, speeds, feeds, and toolpaths for your machine Deigned a test design to learn about the machine tolerances.

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• Deer Head

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Embedded Programming

Program your board to do something

Introduction

A computer program is a set of operations intended to be executed by a computer through its processor. the programming that concerns us is based on the AVR processor. the programming that concerns us is based on the AVR processor. We also have avr-gcc and avrdude which are the compilation program.

Goal

Read a ATtiny44 microcontroller data sheet

Program your board to do something,

With as many different programming languages and programming environments as possibl.

ATtiny44

To maximize performance and parallelism, the AVR uses a Harvard architecture with separate memories and buses for program and data. The instructions in the program memory are executed with single-level pipeline processing. When executing an instruction, the next instruction is pre-extracted from the program memory. This concept allows you to execute instructions at each clock cycle. The program memory is a reprogrammable flash memory in the system.

Characteristics of ATtiny44 are :

Attribute	Value
Série:	ATtiny44
Data bus width:	8 bits
Heart:	AVR
Clock frequency max :	20 MHz
RAM :	256 Bytes
Operating Supply Voltage:	2.7V - 5.5V

Program

To program the ATtiny44, I used an Arduino UNO by Arduino IDE. We have seen how to program Attiny85 microprocessors. We will now focus on the Attiny84. The only difference between these two microprocessors is their number of legs and therefore input-output. With these 14 legs the Attiny44 against 8 legs for ATtiny85. both microcontrollers have the same programming feature.

Connecting the ATtiny 44 to the Arduino Uno

Pin	Arduino uno	ATtiny 44
RESET	Pin 10	Reset Pin
MOSI	Pin 11	Pin 0
MISO	Pin 12	pin 1
SCK	Pin 13	pin 2

Loading the ArduinoISP program on Arduino using the Arduino IDE :

Go to preferences and enter the following URL: in the box "Additional board URL" at the bottom of the screen, then click OK: Then go to the menu "Card type" / "Boards Manager", click on attiny and an "Install" button should appear now. Click on it. and in the menu "Tool" / "Type of card" there must now be Attiny44 ... Your Arduino IDE is now ready to program Attiny.
In the "Tool" menu, select:

Card type: ATtiny,

Processor: ATtiny44,

Programmer: Arduino as ISP.

Then open the ArduinoISP sketch available through the menus in the examples and upload it to your Arduino. By default, the Attiny turns at 1 MHz. To use the SoftwareSerial library (if you need it), you have to program it to run at 8 MHz. For this, once the editing done previously, you have to choose from the menu "Tool" / "Clock" / "8 Mhz INTERNAL". Because what we want is to be able to program the ATtiny44 from the Arduino IDE, which requires to burn the bootloader on the ATtiny85, we will have to "prepare" the Arduino fist by transferring the schema ISP. In the Arduino IDE, select File -> Examples -> 11. Arduino ISP -> ArduinoISP Before programming an ATtiny, it was essential to load the program (arduinoISP). Therefore the Arduino board can program as many ATtiny as you want. the ISP sketch should open and download it to your Arduino Uno Then select from the "Tool" menu "Burn the initialization sequence". Go to (Tools / Card Type) click (Arduino Uno) (File) click on Upload Test that the ATtiny44 can now receive drawings from the Arduino IDE by downloading the flashing example Go to File -> Example -> 01.Basics -> blink Modify the sketch by replacing pin 1 with 0 Make sure you have always selected the ATtiny44 card settings from the previous step. Make sure all wiring is identical to the previous step Download sketch Wire an LED by connecting the anode to pin 0 (physical pin 5) and the cathode to a 1K resistor connected to ground (physical pin 4). Although a resistor is not necessary because the battery provides 3v (not enough to explode an LED), it is recommended to lower the brightness of the LED

// ArduinoISP
int led = 1;

// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
// initialize digital pin 13 as an output.
pinMode(1, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
digitalWrite(1, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(1, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(200); // wait for a second
}

This (this) work is made by KANIK DIUR Cedric available according to the terms of the Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International .
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Molding & Casting

Design a mold around

Introduction

In its small definition; Casting (or casting) is a method of shaping different materials. pouring this material in the molten state such as glass, metal, ... or paste like ceramic, ... in a mold to form a hollow object or according to the design creates.

Materials

The main materials that can be shaped by pouring are metals, ceramics and glass. Other materials may also be shaped by casting such as thermoplastics (thermoforming), thermosetting resins, concrete, plaster, wax, cement, stucco and clay.

Process

Design a 3D mould or or another hollow form

Machine it

Cast parts from it.

The object is then allowed to cool and solidify.

Design 3D

For my design i used Corel Draw X7 for drawing. This software offers a tool control panel for a better result. Then I save my drawing in .PNG or .JPG, format this format will extract it to create a 3D design from ONSHAPE. ONSHAPE is 3d software that functions online and gives the possibility to create a 3D object from a photo. For me it's a discovery because I did not know it before searched by here for the creation of my design. This method allows to obtain a 3D design from a picture drawn ...

3D Production

Molding

Molding is the act of taking an impression which will then serve as a mold in which a material will be placed and which will allow the production of one or more models. I would use the 3D object produced to create a mold. A mold is an element used to manufacture other elements by molding techniques then cast in this form to obtain another object. My 3D production will serve as a print for the afain molding to get the shape of lion head created.

Process

I made a mixture of water, cement and sand in a plastic box or I put my design in order to obtain an imprint that will serve as a mold. unfortunately I did not get the desired result because the cement was dry and I could not remove my object and have the desired shape. Then I decided to change the design and use my lion head design on another material. Milled with Roland monofab and get a result as such. Epoxy and Resine. the mixing process is done in 3 big parts:

Appropriate dosage and mixing with electronic scale or in a box or cup and mixing for at least 2 minutes.

Application at a minimum temperature of 20 ° C avoiding wet application conditions (or surfaces) (if you are not sure of moisture, let the resin heat up before pouring it, as described at the beginning of guide).

Use a heat gun / flame, to remove air bubbles that form on the surface of the resin except that in my case it was done.

Casting

After getting the mold, I decided to change the material for casting, and I thought about wax candles. Qccording to their appearance, the candles are all similar but their raw materials are not all identical in their composition. There are actually 3 big families of candle waxes namely:

Animal :

Bee wax candles

Mineral:

Paraffin derived from petroleum, microcrystalline wax from the same family as industrial paraffins, ...

Vegetal:

Soy wax candles, palm wax, carnauba wax. But for the most part, the candles produced today are composed, in whole or in part, of paraffin because it is cheaper and easily available. He became the main wax in candle making.

Process

I took 6 orange candles that I cut and remove the wires. then I put it in a plastic box. Then I put the box in a pot of water and I heat the water until the wax dissolves. and I use this liquid wax for my casting. I pour it the molde already and I wait for it to cool down. Before pouring the wax, I lubricated the molde to prevent it sticking.
After a while, you can have the desired shape.

Download

• Lion head Drawing
• Lion head
• Lion head Drawing

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Input devices

Measure Something

Introduction

In a system based on a processor, a microprocessor, a microcontroller or a PLC, the exchanges of information between the processor and the peripherals associated with it are called inputs-outputs. In this project we are going under interested to the Input device.

Goal

Program a microcontroller to perform an INPUT or OUTPUT task or both. the tasks will often refer to my final project that will integrate the various functions that will be programmed in this project because this one (my final project is based on the INPUT and OUTPUT functions. The INPUT part is very important and has a considerable impact on my final project.

Design

I decided to create the circuit by EAGLE AUTODESK

Finding components with the Add Part function

Label each port with the label function

Then used the function Net for for creates the links

And the ERC function to check for errors

By Eagle Autodesk

the board I created is a Satshakit model, I refer to the satshakit Fab Academy tutorial.

Process By Vinyl cutter

After the map design by Eagle Autodesk i cut the pattern with the vinyl machine, glued on the copper board.

then stomp it in iron perchloride which will remove all copper except that of the drawing which protects the plastic sticky paper. This will allow us to obtain the design of our circuit board on the board and thus proceed to the soldering of the components.

Then put the board in a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid in a plastic recipiant and then shake gently until all the copper will disappear.
Then clean it gently with clean water.
After you remove the plastic paper, you have a perfect circuit and there are only soldered different components. I soldered the components on the board.

Programme

To operate our test module which will be the IR Sensor Module, we have programmed the microcontroller ATIMEGA 328P.

Characteristic of the ATmega 328P

The technical characteristics of this microcontroller are as follows:

Series: ATmega328P

Heart: AVR

Data bus width: 8 bits

Maximum clock frequency: 20 MHz

Size of program memory: 32 KB

Size of the data RAM: 2 kb

ADC resolution: 10 bits

Number of I / Os: 23 I / O

Operating voltage: 1.8 V to 5.5 V

Necessary components:

- An Arduino (Uno in our example) - An ATmega / ATiny chip / an Arduino Pro Mini - A breadboard - Prototyping cable

The cabling

ATmega328 Datasheet Connect the Arduino to the target microcontroller via the SPI connection: ATmega328P Pro Mini Arduino Programmer 10 PC6 (RESET) 11 (MOSI) PB3 (MOSI) 11 (MOSI) 12 (MISO) PB4 (MISO) 12 (MISO) 13 (SCK) PB5 (SCK) 13 (SCK)

Arduino UNO	ATmega328P
10	RESET (PC6)
11	MOSI (PB3)
12	MISO (PB4)
13	SCK (PB5)

Now that the software and hardware are ready, plug your Arduino programmer into the computer, and launch the Arduino IDE. You should see your Arduino appear in the list of COM ports as usual. If not, unplug the Arduino, quit any open IDE windows, reconnect the Arduino, and reboot the IDE.

Then, in the programmer menu, choose Arduino as ISP. Now you can upload the bootloader: just click the "burn boot sequence" button on the Tools menu. After a few seconds of activity on the Arduino, the IDE should show you a pretty:

Devices

HOW REMOTE CONTROLS AND IR RECEIVERS WORK

A typical infrared communication system requires an IR transmitter and an IR receiver. The transmitter looks like a standard LED, with the difference that it emits light in the IR spectrum instead of the visible spectrum. If you look at the front of a TV remote control, you will see the IR emitter light:

IR SIGNAL MODULATION

Infrared light is emitted by the sun, light bulbs and anything that produces heat. This means that there is a lot of infrared light noise all around us. To prevent this noise from interfering with the IR signal, a signal modulation technique is used. The modulated IR signal is a series of IR pulses activated and deactivated at a high frequency called the carrier frequency. The carrier frequency used by most transmitters is 38 kHz because it is of a rare nature and can be distinguished from ambient noise. In this way, the infrared receiver will know that the 38 kHz signal was sent by the transmitter and not captured by the environment.
The receiver diode detects all frequencies of infrared light, but has a bandpass filter and only passes IR at 38 kHz. It then amplifies the modulated signal with a preamplifier and converts it into a binary signal before sending it to a microcontroller.

IR TRANSMISSION

The logical "1" begins with a high pulse of 562.5 μs of 38 kHz IR, followed by a low pulse of 1.687.5 μs. The logic "0" is transmitted with a high high pulse of 562.5 μs followed by a low pulse of 562.5 μs long:

Connect

There are several types of infrared receivers, some are autonomous and some are mounted on a bypass board. Check the data sheet of your particular IR receiver, as the pins may be arranged differently than the HX1838 infrared receiver and the remote device I'm using here. However, all IR receivers will have three pins: signal, mass and Vcc. Starts with hardware connections. The layout of the pins on most of the discussion boards is as follows:
The pinout of most autonomous diodes is as follows:
for more info on how to click on this Tutorial

Code

To find the key codes for your remote, download this code to your Arduino and open the serial monitor:

#include const int RECV_PIN = 8;
IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
decode_results results;

void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
irrecv.enableIRIn();
irrecv.blink13(true);
}

void loop(){
if (irrecv.decode(&results)){
Serial.println(results.value, HEX);
irrecv.resume();
}
}

Now press each key on your remote control and save the hexadecimal code printed for each press on that key.

#include
int IR_Recv = 8; //IR Receiver Pin 2
int LED = 13;
IRrecv irrecv(IR_Recv);
decode_results results;
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600); //starts serial communication
irrecv.enableIRIn(); // Starts the receiver
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); // sets the digital pin as output
}
void loop(){
//decodes the infrared input
if (irrecv.decode(&results)){
long int decCode = results.value;
Serial.println(results.value);
//switch case to use the selected remote control button
switch (results.value){
case 16720605: //when you press the Red button
digitalWrite(LED_R, HIGH);
break;
case 16738455 : //when you press the 1 off button
digitalWrite(LED_R, LOW);
break;
irrecv.resume(); // Receives the next value from the button you press
}
delay(10);
}

Files

• Control Board
• Schematic

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