3D

3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical representation of any surface of an object (either inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software.3D modeling software is a class of 3D computer graphics software used to produce 3D models.Basically it's a projection of 2D. There were various powerful softwares introduced some of them are listed

• Sketchup
• AutoCaD
• Fusion 360
• Solidworks
• Xdesign
• Openscad
and many more it's like ocean of them each of the powerful in their own aspects.
Some are open source some are paid I decided to go gor the opensource one's.

AutoDesk Fusion 360

Fusion 360 is one of the most powerful software in the market, It allows all 3D, CAD, CAM, CAE tool of it's own kind that connects to your entire project development process. You can download Fusion 360-AutoDesk from this link(download Fusion)
Working on fusion 360 was a big challenge of it's own, most of it's features are still obscures to me I followed video tutorials straight away from youtube
There are several youtube channels regarding this
you can refer to any one of them.
I sarted searching "How to make small parts like vase,lego blocks etc." Fusion 360 comes with a paid license, but they do provide Free Education License
if you are a Student, I entered the details of my college and got the education license version of it.
The work space of Fusion 360 looks like this-

For the learnig of any software you should give some time to get to the workspace and hands on the tools, I'm following the same for this software.
Fusion can be used for 2D parametric designing as wel as 3D rendering.

Parametric Design-

A lot has been talked about it since the class also in our Local Lab Sessions our Remote Guru Puneeth made us clear about it, it is basically the design which is mathematically related to it's parameters viz. width, thickness, height etc. so that if you make change in one parameter automatically the whole design file is affected by it. I will be making more parametric design for the upcoming week assignments probably for the press fit kit assignment

The most widely used options while using fusion falls under these categories-

• Sketch
• Create
• Modify
• Extrude
• Fillet
• Chamfer

Creating Shapes

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Then I tried to make a lego block following the video instructions

• It is made by selecting a plane then making a rectangle and using Extrude.
• After the extrude select the front face darw a circle then again extrude use the pull option then we copy all the circlles symmetrically on the block.

• Adding features like fillets give it a more redefined and realistic. Fuision allows 3D rendering just by clicking on he Rendering option on the top left and the results were satisfying.
• This Fusion file can be downloaded from here lego.f3d

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After making simple parts I found it quite interesting and tried to make a spur gear i watched the tutorial and followed creating different sketch of circle making the relations and using the TRIM command. I followed this Youtube tutorial
for making of my spur gear. I watched each step and paused the video then copied those steps in Fusion although it took a long time in actaully making the whole part because pausing and making simultaneously took a bit long to me but it's a good learning process to learn an interactive design tool to just follow the steps as given and after that play with them once you get comfortable with it.

I made some concentric circle and made some construction kines from the mid point to make a shape and give respective angle for making of the Tooth of the gear.

Following the tutorial I kept the angles at it was given in the tutorial and made one tooth and patterned it in a circular pattern and defined its number.

The I used the extrude function to give it a 3D look.

Final step was making a hole in the centre and adding the minor detailing lie adding fillets and chamfering on the sides of the teeth of gears. Finally I tired to render it by just dragging and dropping the the type of apperanace I wanted it to look.

The rendered part was very satisfying

Download this fusion files
gear.f3d

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Playing more with fusion- Creating a Twisted vase

The rendered look
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You can download this file from here vase.f3d

Experience with Fusion 360

Fusion 360 has some serious features which really make it stand out from other CAD systems. While each one has its benefits and downsides, Fusion has some features which other CAD systems are nowhere near having. Mainly things such as the Cloud capability.
I can access all my files from anywhere in the world, on any computer as my personal laptop is low on graphics so I used fusion in the Lab's system or my friends pc.I also like the fact it has multiple features already built into the package - such as CAM and analysis software. Then finally, it's great value, there's no crippling seat fees and annual subscriptions into the thousands. Aso if you get used to working on Fuion there are Keyboard shortcuts to select various tools like- Press L to select line tool, Press C to select circleIt becomes very easier to use and save time fromslecting the dropdown bars.
What i disliked the most the CTRL to orbit is so annoying and unnatural.One has to go to the top right for viewing at different angles.

SolidWorks

SolidWorks is another solid modelling software that I came across during the week, it allows you to design products in 3 dimensions. The technique is generally to sketch 2D profiles then use methods like extruding and lofting to produce the solid shape. It is product of Dassault Sytems, It cnabe downloaded from here Download Solidworks Plugins are available for electrical design, FEA, optical rendering, electromagnetic simulation and more. It is probably the most widely used and taught CAD suite worldwide and is used in a full spectrum of industry sectors including automotive, aerospace, communications, energy, mining and construction.
It comes with a license but fortunately in My College Robotics Club many of the designers were having the full version of SolidWorks 2016 so I asked them for the setup file, the installation process was quite a long but I installed all the additional plugins too.
The basic working space of soild works- Now clicking on New you can either select to make a part or assembly, an assemnbly is formed after mating or merging the parts.
The work flow is similar to fusion in solidworks there are similar Sketch tools, Features etc. I started on working after watching this Youtube tutorial

it is very well explained of making parts as well as forming assemblies.

• Starting to make simple parts-

  I started to make a chair and may aim was to render it in a space.

  
  I basically started off by making a sketch the adding some dimensions to it.
  After making the side view selecting a plane from the middle and creating a Mirror.
  Now i joined the two sketches by using
  sketch --> rectangle tools and form small rectangles like there is in benches at the parks. Now extruding them and adding material wood to it to look more like wooden bench it can be done simply be using appearence and dragging and droppping the type that you want.
  

  
  Tried rendering the chair and applying the scene from the selected options I found this was the perfect for my chair.

  
  You can download this file from here bench.step

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• Making some more parts, I tried to make a steering wheel and explored and gave it a motion study to steering wheel.
  
  I'm not sure exctly about the features and outcomes of the motion study maybe after frequent usage i'll try to deep dive into this topic.
  
  You can download this step file from here Steering.step

• Working towards Final Project

Experience with Solidworks

Working on Solidworks was a better experience than fusion I don't know the exact reasons but they both are similar in some manners.
Advantages- The advantage I found in Solid works over fusion was a more friendly environmet separate plugins. Overall the work experience was good.
Disadvantages- The only cons I am facing is the disk space and no cloud platform. After Installing all the plugins my laptop became too slow(I have an older version pc AMD processor) and the deskop was flooded by solidworks tools.


However I might be using a mix of both Solidworks and Fusion because I kinda have similar experience and to switch on either of the software won't take any time for the user.

• Simulation

  It enables you to optimize your design, determine product mechanical resistance, product durability, topology, natural frequencies, and test heat transfer and buckling instabilities. It tells that how much material is being used what is required to prevent failures we can add an external force or torque ans see the result.
  I tried to make a simple open box and tried to give a force sideways on one of its wall to see the amount of bending.
  

  

  
  

  
  
  First you have to make the simulation check box on from the menu and the give the material propertie to your object for my boxt I gave it a property of Aluminium with the defaud density and material properties.
  
  

  

  
  
  The I going through the eft panel to each of the property I made one surfavce to be fixed and the normal to it an external load /force of 200N was appliead to see its bending.
  
  

  
  
  It gave me a stress strain curve in the form of diagram in right side and the highest limit of my applied force to the material in optimum conditions. The force type and magnitude can be varied It can be torque also etc.

Experience

It can be helpful in finding out the maximum breakdown limit of the material also one can find the limits in otimum condition can change the matrial to see the changing limits without actually using the material and developing the design which can be used to save the material or to say choosing the right material for the right work.

Comparison

Learning Outcome

My personal progress and what I learned through this week was insanely some crazy stuffs

• I got to know about raster/Vector graphics tried hands o innumerous softwares which I have never even heard of before. This experience was tough, crazy as well as self learning.
• I can't say that I completely understand designing for now, it is big Ocean of which I was able to draw a bucket of water. Because what I did was like copy and paste and trying and error correction , which is not like imagining of something and just making a 2D and 3D design. But I'am practicing more and more to get a hold of it.

What I learned that I should keep following points to keep in mind for designing

• Selection of plane- You need to get an idea what are you making and in which plane so that you should select that plne it can be either front/top/bottom and start sketching
• Giving Dimensions- After sketching you should give proper dimensions to it.
• Adding features- You have to add a 3D look by using various features based upon your design Extrude/Fillet/Chamfer/Loft/Sweep/Spline etc. you have to chose accordingly.
• Mating- If you are going to create an assembly select the part to where you want to create either you could sketch on that part or mate with the another part file(in case of solidworks) and give some relation like concentric/equal/parallel etc. acoordingly.
• Rendering-It is the process of formulating, adding color, shading, and texturing, It gives a photorealistic effect to your 3D model.
• Motion study- If you model is having various motions or fluid dynamics you can analyse it by motion study I'am still in a learning phase for this feature.
• One of the main goal of this week was to try as many softwares and review nd chose the best suitable for you for the purpose of building the final project. Which seems getting accomplished because I'm finally thinking to stick to Soliworks and Fusion to design 3D and 2D as well as I will be exploring inkscape more for upcoming weeks.
• I couldn't get my handson any gaming rendering softwares like Unity, but I'am looking forward to it as my other fabbbers are having a good designing background like Jay Sir I'm hoping to get the most from each of them.

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