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Applications and Implications Assignment

This assignment, though seeming straightforward, implies getting the work (the real work, this is) on the final project into a certain stage of advancement. In my case, this is not entirely true, However, I will try to answer the questions in the most informed and honest way possible

This far into the course, I have not diverged from my original idea, making a multicopter in order to survey the surrounding areas from air, detecting certain signales, however, as the weeks passed, I came to realize that the idea might have gone a bit too far for my current skills and the Academy timeframe, so I've had to arrive to a certain compromise solution, this is: Making a Quadcopter for the project, and fabricating the control and sensor electronics in the lab, as well as the frame. But since there are critical pieces of the project that need to be sourced overseas and time is not strictly on my side as I am writing this, I have devised an alternate, fall-back project, this being a Helium Baloon (or array of Baloons) propelled by some small servos and that is to be controlled remotely.

Project Options

So First, I will adress the questions requested for the "official" project and then, i'll go for the alternative one.

Option 1: Quadcopter

quadcopterwhat will it do?

The quadcopter I intend to build will fly in an outdoor environment, keep itself leveled and stable facing changing conditions such as wind direction and speed, surveying a small area from above with an approximately 1 kg payload in detection instruments (cameras, etc.)

who's done what beforehand?

Similar projects have already been attempted and achieved to various degrees, among the most interesting I could Find are:

Jens Dyvik Hexacoper project, Flone and the Wyvern Quadcopter project, as well as the HTMAA alumni David Yamnitsky.

what materials and components will be required?

The essential components needed are:

  1. Brushless Motors (4)
  2. Slow-Fly Propellers (4)
  3. Speed Controllers (4)
  4. Li-Po Battery (1)
  5. Quadcopter Frame
  6. Control Board
  7. IMU Board
  8. Li-Po Battery charger
  9. 5X Radio-controller and reciever

where will they come from?

Due to technical and time constraints, I intend to purchase the motors, propellers, ESCs, radiocontoller and battery from Hobbyking, and some additional electronics from sparkfun and Digikey, a few parts might be sourced locally.

how much will it cost?

Though I have not a final cost estimate, the project cost up to date is nearing $500, in part due to shipping and importing fees for some parts.

what parts and systems will be made?

In the lab I intend to make the IMU unit, the control unit and the frame. This includes programming the control system for the quadcopter.

what processes will be used?

For the present project the following processes will be executed:

  • CNC Milling (for the frame)
  • Laser cutting (for the frame, possibly)
  • Composites (for the frame, unsure)
  • Electronic prototyping (for the electronic units)
  • Electronics Design (Control Unit and IMU)
  • Mechanical Design (Frame and Motor-frame interaction)
  • Embedded Programming (Control Unit and IMU)

what tasks need to be completed?

To be completed:

  • Sourcing (underway)
  • Frame design, construction and testing (currently, in the design phase)
  • Electronics Prototyping
  • Control Unit and IMU Programming
  • Project assembly
  • flight tests and adjustments

what questions need to be answered?

So far, there are several questions that need to be answered in order to succesfully complete this project:

  1. How to succesfully implement a Kalman Filter in an Arduino-like board?
  2. Is there an easier to program filter algorithm than the Kalman Filter Approach?
  3. Is the Kalman Filter approach compatible with a PID control strategy?
  4. Can both be implemented in the same MCU?
  5. Is necessary to have a GPS chip on the project?
  6. How accurately does the sensor measurements need to be in order to keep the quad stable?

what is the schedule?

The schedule has certainly not been kept from the original sketch on the Final Project Idea Page and as I am writing this, serveral stages of work are being done concurrently:

  • Current week: sourcing, frame design and construction, electronic design
  • Next week: frame testing, electronics assembly, programming
  • Final Week: Flight testing, adjustments

how will it be evaluated?

Though I am not completely sure about how to answer this question, I will say that the project evaluation should be done as a function of the completion in the various stages of the project, for instance:

  • functional frame assembly
  • control unit and IMU fabrication and programming
  • flight test

these landmarks can be broken down into more punctual results that can be measured and verified by the local instructors.

Option 2: Fab Blimp

Blimp

what will it do?

The Fab blimp will be an indoor blimp that will be able to make simple maneuvers via a remote control (RC or IR)

This could be used for surveying certain environments (for instance, in a damaged building after an earthquake) or as an educational kit to introduce students to the basic concepts of flying machines

who's done what beforehand?

There are a number of projects involving small indoor Helium baloons and zeppelins, for instance the Hyperblimp Project as well as serveral Instructables Projects on the matter, like the Hummingblimp, and more particularly, the renowned Stingray Blimp by FESTO.

what materials and components will be required?

The essential components needed are:

  1. Latex Baloons and/or Aluminum Foil Baloons
  2. Helium gas
  3. light analog Servo or DC motors (1-3)
  4. small propellers (2-4)
  5. Small Li-Po Battery (1)
  6. Plastic tubes
  7. Control Board
  8. Duck Tape
  9. carbon fiber foam, light wood or similar
  10. Li-Po Battery charger
  11. Radio-controller and reciever (or IR controller and reciever)

where will they come from?

Most of the parts on the project can be locally sourced might be sourced locally, though the radio controller and reciever might need to be imported.

how much will it cost?

Though I have not a final cost estimate, the project cost up to date is nearing $100, thought this might be an overshoot.

what parts and systems will be made?

In the lab I intend to assemble the engines array and the control unit

what processes will be used?

For the present project the following processes will be executed:

  • Laser cutting (for the fins)
  • Electronic prototyping (for the electronic units)
  • Electronics Design (Control Unit)
  • Mechanical Design (blimp design and balancing)
  • Embedded Programming (Control Unit and IMU)

what tasks need to be completed?

To be completed:

  • Sourcing (underway)
  • Electronics Prototyping
  • Control Unit Programming
  • Project assembly
  • flight tests and adjustments

what questions need to be answered?

So far, there are several questions that need to be answered in order to succesfully complete this project:

  1. Which control strategy is needed to optimally control the blimp?
  2. Which could be the proper way to assemble the blimp in order to make it capable of landing?
  3. Is a filter algorithm necessary for controlling the blimp?
  4. How to keep the blimp balanced?
  5. how long can the baloons keep their pressure?
  6. how stable can be an array of balloons

what is the schedule?

This is esentially, a side project, related but completely different from the Final Project Idea Page and, making a very rough schedule, I would state the following:

  • Current week: sourcing, mechanical design
  • Next week: structure testing, electronics assembly, programming
  • Final Week: Flight testing, adjustments

how will it be evaluated?

Though I am not completely sure about how to answer this question, I will say that the project evaluation should be done as a function of the completion in the various stages of the project, for instance:

  • engines control
  • Blimp assembly
  • Control unit assembly and programming
  • flight test

these landmarks can be more broken into more punctual results that can be measured and verified by the local instructors.

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