Week 04: Embedded Programming

1. Introduction

This week’s assignment focused on understanding embedded systems toolchains, comparing different microcontroller architectures, and programming a microcontroller to interact with input/output devices.

2. Group Assignment: Toolchain Comparison

Arduino Uno (ATmega328P)

  • Architecture: 8-bit AVR
  • Clock Speed: 16 MHz
  • Toolchain: Arduino IDE

ESP32 Dev Module

  • Architecture: 32-bit Xtensa
  • Clock Speed: 240 MHz
  • Toolchain: Arduino IDE + ESP32 Package

3. Datasheet Study: ATmega328P

I studied the ATmega328P datasheet to identify safety limits and pin functions.

  • Voltage: 1.8V – 5.5V
  • Flash Memory: 32KB
  • SRAM: 2KB
  • Communication: UART, SPI, I2C
Pinout Diagram

Fig 1: Pinout Diagram from Datasheet

4. Programming Project: LED + Button

I wrote a program where a button acts as an Input to control an LED Output, while sending status updates to the Serial Monitor.

Source Code:

const int ledPin = 13;
const int buttonPin = 7;
int buttonState = 0;

void setup() {
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600); // UART at 9600 baud
}

void loop() {
  buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
  if (buttonState == HIGH) {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
    Serial.println("Button Pressed - LED ON");
  } else {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
    Serial.println("Button Released - LED OFF");
  }
  delay(200);
}
Breadboard connection

Breadboard Connection

Serial Monitor Output

Serial Communication Proof

Final Hero Shot

Working Project