3D Tech Cover

5. 3D SCANNING & PRINTING

[ MISSION: BRING TO LIFE YOUR IMAGINATION. ]

[ BASIC INFO ]

> 3D PRINTING (ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING)

3D Printing is the process of creating physical objects by successively overlaying layers of material based on a digital model. In engineering, it enables Topological Optimization (creating lightweight yet ultra-strong parts) and Rapid Prototyping to validate mechanical designs in a matter of hours.

[Image of additive manufacturing process diagram]
  • • Tooling: Development of customized manufacturing aids and jigs.
  • • On-Demand: Production of spare parts without the need for physical inventory.

> 3D SCANNING (DIGITAL CAPTURE)

This technology analyzes a real-world object to collect data on its shape and geometry. The output is a Point Cloud that is subsequently processed into a digital mesh (STL). It is essential for Reverse Engineering and Metrology (quality control by comparing physical parts against the original CAD data).

  • • Metrology: High-precision measurement with micrometric accuracy.
  • • Ergonomics: Adapting industrial designs to fit human anatomy perfectly.

SELECT FABRICATION METHOD.

[ MISSION: DIGITAL CAPTURE ]

STEP 01

The Hardware

The scanner I used for my scan was the Einscan-SE.

DOWNLOAD SOFTWARE
Einscan-SE
STEP 02

Initial Connection

First, turn on the scanner and connect it to the laptop. Once done, open and initialize the program. On the screen, click the option to create a new project to start.

Software Init
STEP 03

Pattern Board Calibration

To begin scanning, it is necessary to calibrate the scanner using the pattern board and stand included in the box. Instructions on how to place it will appear on the calibration screen; follow the steps to pass the 3 required calibration points.

Calibration Board
STEP 04

Purpose of Calibration

3D scanner calibrations are mainly performed to ensure that captured data is a faithful and precise representation of reality. Without this process, the sensor may lose its sense of depth or scale, generating deformed models.

STEP 05

White Balance

After the board calibration, it will ask for a white balance calibration. Place a completely white sheet on top of the board and start. This is fundamental for chromatic fidelity; while standard calibration adjusts geometry, white balance adjusts the visual appearance.

STEP 06

Starting the Scan

Once finished, you can proceed to the general operations screen. Place your piece in the desired position on the turntable and use the "Start Scan" button on the right side to begin scanning your chosen figure.

Start Scan
STEP 07

Operation Settings

On the left side, under the scanner camera, you will see an operation bar where you can adjust the scan light, the number of rotations, and the rotation speed. If you want the figure to build itself automatically from multiple scans, select the "Features" option in the "Align Mode" section.

Align Mode
STEP 08

Process Execution

Once your scan begins, you should see something similar to what is shown in the video as the turntable and sensor sync.

STEP 09

Data Interpretation

After each scan, you will see the construction of your object. Yellow sections mean they are empty or require more scanning. As you use more positions and angles, the figure will turn grey in the parts that are completely defined.

STEP 10

The Mesh Model

On the left, you can see the scans that make up the model. On the right, the top option exports the scan, and the bottom one is for the Mesh Model: the result of transforming the unorganized point cloud into a solid surface of polygons (triangles).

STEP 11

Quality Selection

If you select the mesh model option, you can choose the operation quality. Choose the option that your computer allows, as this operation can sometimes be very heavy for the hardware.

STEP 12

Watertight Export

When ready to export your model to STL for printing, you can choose between Watertight and Unwatertight models. In my case, I used the Watertight model to ensure a closed, 3D-printable solid without holes.

STEP 13

Final Preparation

Once your scan is exported to STL, you can import it into 3D printing software such as Ultimaker Cura to prepare your file for the printer.

STEP 1

[ FINAL RENDER: MISSION ACCOMPLISHED ]

PROJECT 01: COMPLETED
Articulated Toy Final

ARTICULATED TOY

Final assembly of the articulated toy. All joints are functional with a 1.2mm tolerance, allowing smooth movement while maintaining structural integrity.

STATUS: 100% READY
PROJECT 02: COMPLETED
Final Project 2

SCANNED IMPRESSION

Detailed view of the second printed mission,made out of a scanned toy (Funky Punky 2023 Vuala edition).

STATUS: 100% READY

[ 3D PRINTER MODELS ]

Printer Kinematics / Architecture Build Volume (X×Y×Z, mm) Build Plate Area (X×Y, mm) Z Height (mm) Volume (L) Machine Dimensions (mm) Net Weight (kg) Layer Height (mm) Filament Diameter (mm) Included Nozzle
Creality Ender-3 S1 Pro Cartesian (bed-slinger) 220 × 220 × 270 220 × 220 270 13.07 490 × 455 × 625 8.6 0.05 – 0.40 1.75 0.4 mm
Original Prusa MK4S Cartesian (bed-slinger, open-frame) 250 × 210 × 220 250 × 210 220 11.55 500 × 550 × 400 7.0 0.05 – 0.30 1.75 0.4 mm (High-flow Prusa Nozzle brass CHT)
Original Prusa XL CoreXY 360 × 360 × 360 360 × 360 360 46.66 700 × 900 × 720 27.9 (1 tool) / 29.3 (2 tools) / 33.7 (5 tools) 0.05 – 0.30 1.75 0.4 mm (Prusa Nozzle brass)
SeeMeCNC Rostock MAX v3 Delta (vertical tower architecture) Ø265 × 400 Ø265 400 22.06 279 × 279 × 349 15 0.10 – 0.40 (recommended) 1.75 0.5 mm

[ TYPES OF FILAMENTS ]

Material Description Printing Temperature Advantages Disadvantages Hardware Requirements
PLA A biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources like corn starch. It's the standard for desktop printing due to its minimal thermal expansion. Extruder: 190-220 °C
Bed: 50-60 °C
Easy to print, low cost, rigid, and great surface detail. Brittle, low heat resistance (deforms above 60°C). Standard FDM printer.
ABS A petroleum-based thermoplastic known for its impact resistance and toughness. Allows post-processing with acetone for a smooth finish. Nozzle: 230-250 °C
Bed: 80-110 °C
Impact & wear resistant, durable, and affordable. Prone to warping (shrinkage), emits unpleasant fumes. Heated bed and enclosed chamber recommended.
PETG The "middle ground" material. It combines the ease of use of PLA with the functional strength and chemical resistance of ABS. Nozzle: 230-250 °C
Bed: 70-80 °C
Excellent mechanical properties, water-resistant, and recyclable. High "stringing" (hairs), can stick too well to the bed. Standard FDM printer.
Nylon A high-performance semi-flexible polymer. Offers the best combination of strength, compliance, and fatigue resistance for mechanical parts. Nozzle: 240-260 °C
Bed: 70-100 °C
Extremely tough, low friction, and high chemical resistance. Highly hygroscopic (absorbs moisture), difficult bed adhesion. All-metal hotend and dry storage required.
TPU / Flexible A Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) that behaves like rubber. It can be stretched and compressed without losing its original shape. Nozzle: 210-230 °C
Bed: 20-60 °C
High shock absorption, flexible, and very durable. Hard to print with Bowden tubes, needs slow speeds. Direct drive extruder preferred.
ASA Alternative to ABS with improved weather resistance. Specifically designed to withstand UV radiation without degrading. Nozzle: 240-260 °C
Bed: 90-110 °C
UV resistant, high impact and wear resistance. Expensive, emits styrene fumes during printing. Heated enclosure and ventilated area.
Composite (CF, Wood, Metal) Base polymers (PLA/PETG) infused with fibers or powders to change their aesthetic or physical properties. Variable (follows base material) Unique finishes (wood/metal) or increased stiffness (Carbon Fiber). Highly abrasive, can clog standard nozzles easily. Hardened steel nozzle required.
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PRINTING FILES

Download the toy that I made.

GET_FILES.ZIP