Week 2: Computer-Aided Design

Week 2: Computer-Aided Design

I.Digital Design Concepts

The first thing that intrigued me and prompted me to investigate further was the concepts of parametric, non-parametric, and isoparametric design, as well as 2D raster and vector design. Digital design in the context of computer-aided design is divided into various methodologies that determine how we interact with geometry. Parametric design uses variables and algorithms to define dimensions and relationships (e.g., SolidWorks, Rhino/Grasshopper, Fusion 360), allowing for automatic changes throughout the entire model by modifying a single value. Conversely, non-parametric or direct design focuses on the manual manipulation of form without a history of constraints (e.g., Blender, ZBrush). For technical visualization, isometric design is key, as it represents three-dimensional objects in two dimensions without perspective, maintaining the proportions of the axes. Finally, in terms of graphics, we distinguish between 2D Raster design, composed of pixels and resolution-dependent (e.g., GIMP, Photoshop), and Vector design, based on mathematical coordinates, ideal for cutting machines such as lasers or vinyl cutters (e.g., Inkscape, Illustrator).

II. 2D Design - Vectorial

II.1.Exploring Inkscape

For my 2D workflow, I selected Inkscape, an open-source vector design software that stands out for its technical versatility. Beyond simply using it to vectorize or edit my images for laser cutting and engraving, I explored its capabilities for designing with precise measurements, using precision tools and the node editor to ensure that parts fit together perfectly in laser cutting processes. Furthermore, I discovered its potential for design using axonometric grids, which facilitates the technical visualization of assemblies. Surprisingly, Inkscape allows an approach to parametric design through box generation extensions and the use of "clones", where modifying a master part automatically updates all its instances, drastically optimizing prototyping and tolerance adjustment time.

I would definitely use it for the development of my final project, since from here I can send directly to the laser cutter and the CNC machine.

Use lasercut Tabbed Box extension

I used the Lasercut Tabbed Box extension to generate a parametric box by defining box dimensions, material thickness, kerf compensation, and tab size. The resulting vectors were immediately suitable for laser cutting.

Use of Grids and Measurements

I used the grid tool in Inkscape to accurately align and dimension my 2D designs. By enabling and configuring the grid, I was able to work with consistent spacing and ensure that all elements matched the intended measurements. The grid helped me maintain proportionality, verify dimensions visually, and reduce errors during the design process. This was especially useful when designing parts for laser cutting, where precision and alignment are critical for proper assembly.

Use of measure segments

To ensure dimensional accuracy in my 2D designs, I assigned exact measurements to vector elements using Inkscape’s measurement and alignment tools. By defining the document units in millimeters and verifying segment lengths with the measurement tool, I was able to control the precise dimensions of each vector path. This process was essential for digital fabrication, as accurate vector dimensions directly affect material fit, joint tolerances, and assembly quality. Applying exact measurements to vectors reduced scaling errors and ensured compatibility with laser cutting workflows.

Object Cloning

I used the object cloning function in Inkscape to replicate vector elements efficiently while maintaining consistent dimensions and spacing. By cloning objects instead of duplicating them manually, any modification applied to the original element was automatically reflected in all its clones. This technique was especially useful for creating repetitive features such as tabs, slots, and structural patterns, reducing design time and minimizing errors. Object cloning also supports parametric thinking, as it allows rapid iteration and precise control over repeated components in digital fabrication projects.