Week 14

Moulding and Casting

Furthermore, we were able to connect prior knowledge with new learning, especially regarding the use of biomaterials and biosilicone, comparing their properties with commercial and industrial materials. We also explored the use of pigments sourced from our rainforest, which brought a more sustainable and contextual approach to our processes.

On the other hand, we put our knowledge of regeneration (regen) into practice in the creation and application of biomaterials, strengthening our understanding of their potential in design and manufacturing.

This work was developed at the Universidad del Pacífico, consolidating a comprehensive experience that combines experimentation, innovation, and sustainability.

Week 3 cover

Assignment Requirements

Group assignment

  • Review the safety data sheets for each of your molding and casting materials.
  • Make and compare test casts with each of them.
  • Compare printing vs milling molds.

Individual assignment

  • Design a mold around the process you'll be using, produce it with a smooth surface finish that does not show the production process toolpath, and use it to cast parts.

Progress Status

This is for reporting progress (not for visitors to click).

Group work Done

Group page link + notes added.

Press-fit kit Done

Missing final photos and conclusions.

Downloads Done

Upload .zip with source files.

Assignment Requirements

Learning outcomes

  • Design appropriate objects within the limitations of your process.
  • Demonstrate workflows used in mold design, construction and casting.

Have you answered these questions?

  • Linked to the group assignment page and reflected on your individual page what you have learned.✅
  • Reviewed the safety data sheets for each of your molding and casting materials, then made and compared test casts with each of them.✅.
  • Documented how you designed and created your 3D mold, including machine settings.✅.
  • Ensured your mold has smooth surface finish, that does not show the production process (by postprocessing if necessary).✅.
  • Shown how you safely made your mold and cast the parts.✅.
  • Described problems and how you fixed them.✅.
  • Included your design files and ‘hero shot’ of the mold and the final object.✅.

Weekly planning

During the week, we carried out various activities that presented significant challenges but were also very rewarding, especially due to the opportunity to share and learn as a team. We met virtually with our colleagues at the node and participated in lab meetings, which allowed us to organize ourselves and conduct open workshops in different spaces. In these sessions, we reviewed and worked with input devices, understanding their operation and their importance in capturing data from the environment for subsequent processing in electronic systems.

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Gruop Work- Group work- Molding and casting

During this week's group project, we conducted a series of experiments in molding and casting processes, exploring various materials and manufacturing techniques. The objective was to understand the behavior of different materials, as well as their applications in design and production.

We worked with a wide variety of materials, including: natural resin, bio-silicone, plaster, white cement, two-component resin (A+B), silicone for molds, soy wax, glycerin for soap making, modeling clay, and chocolate base. Each of these materials allowed us to analyze specific properties such as curing times, level of detail, texture, strength, and surface finish.

Furthermore, the molds used in the processes were developed using digital manufacturing technologies, including 3D printing and CNC machining. This allowed us to obtain precise geometries and adapt the designs according to the requirements of each material.

Through this experience, we were able to compare industrial, natural, and biomaterials, evaluating their advantages, limitations, and potential applications. This approach made it possible to integrate knowledge of design, manufacturing, and sustainability, strengthening a more experimental and critical vision in the use of materials.

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Personal Reflection

Throughout this week, the exploration of molding and casting processes allowed me to understand the relationship between materials, techniques, and outcomes from a hands-on and experimental perspective. Working with a wide range of materials—such as plaster, eco-resin, bio-silicone, two-component resin, soy wax, soap base, and chocolate—helped me recognize that each material behaves differently depending on its composition, processing conditions, and interaction with molds.

One of the most valuable learnings was understanding that success in these processes does not depend solely on following a recipe or technical data sheet, but also on controlling variables such as temperature, proportions, timing, and mixing techniques. Small variations in these parameters can significantly affect the final result, especially in terms of surface quality, structural integrity, and detail reproduction.

Additionally, comparing digital fabrication methods such as 3D printing and CNC machining allowed me to better evaluate how mold-making technologies influence the final outcome. I learned that while 3D printing enables more complex geometries, CNC machining offers superior surface finishes with less post-processing, highlighting the importance of selecting the appropriate method based on design requirements.

From a sustainability perspective, experimenting with biomaterials—particularly bio-silicone and natural pigments—was especially meaningful. It allowed me to connect fabrication processes with environmental awareness and regenerative design principles. I realized the potential of integrating locally sourced materials and natural resources into design workflows, promoting more responsible and context-driven practices.

Finally, this experience reinforced the importance of experimentation, iteration, and problem-solving. Challenges encountered during the process, such as material overheating or mixing inconsistencies, became learning opportunities that improved my understanding of material behavior. Overall, this week strengthened my ability to critically evaluate materials and processes, and to approach design and fabrication with a more informed, sustainable, and experimental mindset.

Individual Task

In the individual component of this assignment, I integrated knowledge from previous weeks with new experimentation in biomaterials and molding processes. A key aspect of my work was the incorporation of biomaterials and natural pigments inspired by native communities, exploring their potential within a sustainable and context-driven design approach.

Additionally, I utilized molds developed through CNC machining, combining digital fabrication techniques with manual processes. This allowed me to better understand how different fabrication methods influence the final outcome of the pieces.

I also applied knowledge acquired in previous weeks, particularly in 3D scanning and digital modeling. As part of this process, I scanned a traditional Torito de Pucará using a mobile scanning application. The resulting digital model was then processed in Ultimaker Cura to prepare it for 3D printing.

Once printed, the object was used as a base model to create a silicone mold. This workflow enabled the transition from a digital representation to a physical mold, which could then be used in subsequent casting processes with different materials.

Overall, this experience allowed me to connect digital fabrication tools, traditional cultural references, and biomaterial experimentation into a cohesive workflow, reinforcing a more integrated and multidisciplinary approach to design and production.

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Silicone Mold and Soy Wax Candle Casting

In this stage of my individual work, I applied a complete workflow that integrates digital fabrication and material experimentation. The process began with the 3D scanning of an object, followed by digital preparation and 3D printing, which enabled the creation of a master model for mold fabrication.

Using the printed model, a silicone mold was produced by mixing silicone with its corresponding catalyst. The mixture was poured over the model inside a container, allowing it to cure and form a flexible negative mold capable of capturing fine details.

Silicone Mold Fabrication

  1. Preparation of the model: The 3D printed object was placed inside a mold container.
  2. Mixing: Silicone was combined with the catalyst according to the recommended ratio.
  3. Pouring: The mixture was carefully poured over the model to avoid air bubbles.
  4. Curing: The silicone was left to cure until fully solidified.
  5. Demolding: The flexible mold was removed, obtaining a negative replica of the object.

Soy Wax Candle Casting Process

After obtaining the silicone mold, it was used to produce a candle using soy wax, incorporating a citrus fruit extract and natural oils to enhance the sensory properties of the final piece.

  1. Wax melting: Soy wax was heated to approximately 50–70 °C until fully melted.
  2. Additives incorporation: A citrus extract and natural oils were added to the liquid wax, ensuring homogeneous mixing.
  3. Pouring: The mixture was poured into the silicone mold, previously prepared with a centered wick.
  4. Cooling: The wax was allowed to cool and solidify at room temperature.
  5. Demolding: Once solidified, the candle was carefully removed from the mold.

Observations

The silicone mold demonstrated excellent flexibility and detail reproduction, allowing for an accurate transfer of the original geometry. The soy wax performed well during casting, achieving a smooth finish and effectively retaining the added aroma.

The integration of digital fabrication tools with traditional casting techniques enabled a complete workflow from digital model to final product, reinforcing the relationship between design, materials, and fabrication processes.

Conclusion

This experience highlights the versatility of silicone molds and soy wax as accessible materials for prototyping and product development. It also demonstrates how combining digital tools with natural materials can lead to innovative and sustainable design outcomes.

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Biomaterial Experiment: Coffee Waste Composite

As part of my individual work, I developed an experimental biomaterial using coffee grounds (coffee waste) as the main component. The objective was to explore the potential of organic waste as a sustainable material for molding and fabrication processes, while also evaluating its physical behavior under controlled conditions.

This experiment was complemented by the use of an electronic system developed in previous weeks, consisting of a temperature and humidity sensor connected to a microcontroller. This setup allowed real-time monitoring of environmental conditions during the drying and curing process of the biomaterial.

Materials Used

  • Coffee grounds (dry or semi-dry)
  • Water
  • Natural binder (such as starch, gelatin, or glue)
  • Optional: glycerin (to improve flexibility)

Material Composition and Mechanism

The coffee-based biomaterial is formed by combining organic particles with a binding agent, creating a composite structure. The binder acts as a matrix that holds the coffee particles together during drying. As water evaporates, the material transitions from a malleable mixture to a rigid or semi-rigid structure, depending on the formulation.

Fabrication Process

  1. Preparation of coffee grounds: Dry the coffee waste to remove excess moisture and ensure better control of the mixture.
  2. Mixing: Combine coffee grounds with water and the selected binder until a homogeneous paste is obtained.
  3. Additives incorporation: Optionally add glycerin to improve flexibility and reduce brittleness.
  4. Molding: Place the mixture into a mold (silicone or CNC-fabricated) and press it to achieve the desired shape.
  5. Drying: Allow the material to dry at room temperature or in a controlled environment until it solidifies.

Sensor Integration and Monitoring

To better understand the behavior of the biomaterial during the drying phase, a temperature and humidity sensor was used. The sensor was connected to a custom electronic board, allowing the collection of environmental data in real time.

Monitoring these variables helped identify how temperature and humidity influence drying time, material shrinkage, and final consistency. This integration of digital tools with biomaterial experimentation provided a more analytical and data-driven approach.

Observations

The coffee-based biomaterial showed good cohesion when properly mixed with the binder. However, drying conditions significantly affected the final result. High humidity slowed down the curing process, while controlled environments improved consistency and structural integrity.

Platform Documentation

The entire process, including formulation, environmental data, and results, was documented using the Regen Bio platform. This digital tool supports the structured development and sharing of biomaterial recipes and experimental data.

Reflection

This experiment demonstrated the potential of organic waste such as coffee grounds as a viable material for sustainable design. Additionally, integrating electronic sensors allowed for a deeper understanding of environmental influence on material behavior, bridging digital fabrication, biomaterials, and data-driven experimentation.

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Reflection

Throughout this week, I developed a deeper understanding of molding and casting processes by combining digital fabrication tools with hands-on material experimentation. Working with different materials such as bio-silicone, eco-resin, plaster, soy wax, soap, chocolate, and coffee-based biomaterials allowed me to explore how each one behaves under different conditions and how their properties influence the final outcome.

One of the most valuable aspects of this experience was integrating knowledge from previous weeks. The use of 3D scanning, modeling, and printing enabled me to transform a physical object into a digital file and then back into a physical mold through silicone casting. This workflow helped me understand the full cycle from digital design to material production.

Additionally, incorporating biomaterials and natural pigments inspired by native communities gave a new dimension to my work. It allowed me to reflect on the importance of sustainability and the potential of using local resources in design processes. I realized that materials are not only technical elements but also cultural and environmental expressions.

The use of my electronic board with temperature and humidity sensors added a data-driven layer to the experimentation. Monitoring environmental conditions helped me better understand how variables such as heat and moisture affect the behavior and curing of biomaterials.

I also learned that mistakes are part of the process. Issues such as overheating, incorrect proportions, or material inconsistencies became opportunities to improve my understanding and refine my techniques. This reinforced the importance of patience, observation, and iteration.

Overall, this week strengthened my ability to connect design, technology, and sustainability. It encouraged me to think more critically about material choices and to approach fabrication as an experimental and learning-driven process. This experience has motivated me to continue exploring biomaterials and integrating them into future projects.

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