Embedded programming¶
For our comparison between Arduino and MicroPython, let’s take a closer look at both technologies to understand their advantages, disadvantages, and typical use cases. Both platforms offer different approaches to programming microcontrollers, with Arduino based on C/C++ and MicroPython using the Python programming language. Below, we will explain the strengths and weaknesses of each system, along with their workflows and typical areas of application.
Arduino¶
Arduino is an open-source platform originally designed with a user-friendly development environment (IDE) to simplify microcontroller programming. The programming is done in C/C++, a compiled language that is loaded onto the microcontroller, with the code being directly translated into machine language. This results in high performance, which is particularly beneficial for time-critical applications such as motor control or sensor data processing. One of Arduino’s major advantages is its broad hardware support and a large community that provides countless libraries.
However, the workflow with Arduino is somewhat longer because the code must first be written, then compiled, and finally uploaded to the board. This process can extend development time, especially for more complex projects. Additionally, programming in C/C++ is not always beginner-friendly, and the learning curve can be steep.
(Workflow example here - link to Nico’s Page)
MicroPython¶
In contrast, MicroPython is a Python implementation for microcontrollers, which is especially suitable for beginners and rapid prototyping. Python is an interpreted language, meaning that the code is executed directly on the microcontroller without needing compilation. This makes the development process much more interactive and faster, as changes can be tested immediately without the need for lengthy compilation. The REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop) function in MicroPython allows developers to test and modify code live, offering great flexibility.
However, the interpreted nature of MicroPython comes with some drawbacks. The code runs slower than compiled C/C++ code and typically requires more memory, which can be problematic on smaller microcontrollers like the Arduino Uno. Additionally, not all hardware components are as well-supported as in Arduino, and certain specific libraries may be missing. Nonetheless, MicroPython is an excellent platform for fast prototyping and projects where real-time performance is not critical.
(Workflow Example Here - Link to William’s page)
Use Cases¶
Arduino is particularly suited for projects that require high performance and precise control, such as robotics, motorized systems, or applications with real-time requirements. Using C/C++ provides direct hardware control and allows for very efficient execution. Typical use cases include robot control, sensor interfacing, or working with resource-limited microcontrollers.
On the other hand, MicroPython excels in the area of prototyping and the rapid development of IoT applications, where easy-to-understand code is needed and performance requirements are less demanding. Typical applications for MicroPython include smart home devices, sensors, and simpler control systems, where quick adjustments and testing are necessary.
Conclusion¶
In summary, both Arduino and MicroPython have their own advantages and challenges. Arduino offers more control and performance but is less suited for rapid iteration. MicroPython, on the other hand, provides a user-friendly, fast development environment but has limitations in performance and memory management. Depending on the project requirements and the developer’s preference, either Arduino or MicroPython could be the better choice.