FAB ACADEMY 2025 shivraj.chhirr@gmail.com

Computer Aided Design



brief Insight of this week

Throughtout This week, we learned about 2D and 3D design, along with the differences between raster and vector graphics. We also explored how to resize images and edit photos and videos using tool like GIMP. All of this is documented here in detail.


About(CAD) Computer Aided Design

Overview: - CAD (Computer-Aided Design) is a software tool used to create detailed 2D and 3D models of objects, systems, or buildings. It is widely used in industries such as architecture, engineering, and product design. CAD allows designers to create accurate drawings, visualize designs, and simulate real-world conditions, making it easier to test and refine ideas before production. It speeds up the design process, improves precision, and reduces errors, making it a valuable tool for professionals in various fields. CAD also facilitates collaboration, as designs can be shared and modified quickly, enabling multiple team members to work on a project simultaneously, regardless of their location. Additionally, CAD software often integrates with other tools, such as CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing), to streamline the transition from design to production. This integration helps ensure that designs can be translated directly into manufacturing instructions, reducing miscommunications and improving efficiency. CAD also supports the creation of complex geometries and detailed specifications that would be difficult or time-consuming to achieve manually. By allowing for detailed analysis, such as stress testing or thermal simulations, CAD helps engineers and designers assess how a product or structure will perform in the real world, minimizing the risk of failure. The ability to visualize designs in 3D also allows for better understanding and identification of potential issues early in the design process, saving time and resources in the long run. Furthermore, CAD software often includes libraries of standard parts, materials, and components, which help speed up the design process and ensure consistency across projects.





About 2D Design

Overview: 2D design refers to the creation of flat, two-dimensional representations of objects, spaces, or systems. Unlike 3D designs that involve depth and volume, 2D designs focus on length and width. These designs are commonly used for illustrations, plans, diagrams, blueprints, and more. 2D design is essential in various industries, including graphic design, architecture, engineering, fashion design, and advertising. In graphic design, 2D design is used for creating logos, posters, and branding materials, where visual elements are represented on a flat surface. In architecture and engineering, 2D designs are often employed in the form of floor plans, technical drawings, and schematics that provide precise measurements and layout information necessary for construction or manufacturing.
2D design also plays a vital role in web and UI/UX design, where it is used for creating user interfaces, icons, and website layouts. It serves as the blueprint for how content and elements are arranged on a screen. Additionally, 2D designs are widely used in animation and illustration, where characters, backgrounds, and scenes are drawn and animated frame by frame to create motion. With the rise of digital tools, 2D design has become more accessible and versatile, with various software like Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape, and CorelDRAW allowing designers to work efficiently and produce high-quality designs. 2D design provides a foundation for creativity, communication, and functionality, making it an integral part of modern visual communication.


Key Features of 2D Design: -

  • Two-Dimensional: -2D designs are limited to length and width, without the depth that characterizes 3D models. They are essentially "flat" views, often seen in technical drawings, floor plans, and product schematics.
  • Line and Shape Based: -The primary elements of 2D design are lines, shapes, and curves, which are arranged to represent an object or layout. These forms can be simple or complex, depending on the design's needs.
  • Dimensioning: - 2D designs often include specific measurements or annotations to guide production or construction, ensuring that all elements are to scale


    Applications of 2D Design:-

  • Architecture: 2D design is essential for creating floor plans, elevations, and sections. It allows architects to communicate building layouts, room arrangements, and structural details.
  • Engineering: Engineers use 2D CAD to produce technical drawings of mechanical parts, electrical circuits, or systems. These blueprints serve as the foundation for manufacturing and assembly.
  • Product Design: In product design, 2D sketches are often used in the early stages to quickly explore ideas and refine details before moving on to 3D modeling.
  • Graphic Design: Graphic designers use 2D design to create logos, posters, websites, and other visual elements. The focus is on color, typography, and layout in a two-dimensional space.
  • Fashion Design: 2D design plays a role in creating clothing patterns, technical drawings, and fashion illustrations, providing a flat representation of garments


    Tools Used for 2D Design::-

  • Inkscape: - is a free, open-source vector graphics editor that is widely used for creating 2D vector-based designs. It's a powerful alternative to other vector graphic design software like Adobe Illustrator and CorelDRAW, particularly for users looking for a cost-effective solution. Inkscape supports various graphic design tasks, including illustration, logo design, web design, and technical diagrams.
  • AutoCAD: - A leading CAD tool that offers powerful 2D drawing capabilities for drafting floor plans, technical drawings, and other schematic representations.
  • Adobe Illustrator: - A vector-based design tool used for creating logos, illustrations, and other detailed 2D artwork.
  • CorelDRAW: - Another vector-based graphic design tool commonly used for creating marketing materials, product designs, and more.
  • DraftSight: - A CAD software that is similar to AutoCAD, used for creating precise 2D technical drawings.





    About 3D Design

    Overview - 3D design refers to the creation of three-dimensional representations of objects, systems, or environments in a digital space. Unlike 2D design, which is flat, 3D design adds depth to the length and width, making it possible to visualize objects from any angle. This enables designers, engineers, and architects to create lifelike, dynamic models that simulate real-world appearances and behaviors.


    Key Features of 3D Design: -

  • Depth and Volume: 3D models are created by defining objects in three dimensions—length, width, and depth—allowing for more realistic and interactive visualizations.
  • Realistic Representation: 3D design offers more detailed and immersive visuals, providing better insight into how a product or structure will look and function in real life.
  • 3D Modeling: This is the process of creating 3D objects by manipulating digital vertices, edges, and faces. The result is a three-dimensional representation that can be rotated and viewed from different perspectives.
  • Textures and Materials: 3D designs often include textures, materials, and lighting effects to make the model look more realistic, helping users visualize how the final object will appear.
  • Animation and Simulation: In addition to static 3D models, designers can animate 3D objects to simulate movements, interactions, or changes over time (e.g., a moving car or a building under construction).


    Applications of 3D Design:-

  • Product Design: - In industries like consumer electronics, automotive, and industrial design, 3D design is used to create prototypes of products. This helps in evaluating form, fit, and function before physical production, reducing errors and costs.
  • Architecture and Construction: Architects use 3D design to build virtual models of buildings and structures. This allows them to visualize spaces, test lighting, and plan the overall layout before starting construction.
  • Engineering and Manufacturing: - Engineers use 3D CAD to design complex mechanical parts, assemblies, and systems. 3D models are crucial for simulating how parts fit together and function in a real-world environment, helping engineers identify potential issues.
  • Entertainment and Animation: - 3D design is widely used in the entertainment industry for movies, video games, and animation. It allows creators to build lifelike characters, environments, and visual effects.
  • Medical and Healthcare: - In medicine, 3D design is used for creating models of organs, bones, and surgical tools. It allows doctors and surgeons to plan procedures or create custom prosthetics and implants.
  • Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR): - 3D design is a key component of VR and AR experiences. It allows the creation of immersive environments and objects that users can interact with in real-time.


    Tools Used for 3D Design::-

  • AutoCAD: - While AutoCAD is well-known for 2D designs, it also has robust 3D design capabilities, used for creating 3D models in architecture and engineering.
  • SolidWorks: - This is a leading 3D CAD tool for product design and mechanical engineering, known for its parametric design features and powerful simulation tools.
  • Blender: - A free, open-source software used for 3D modeling, animation, and rendering. It’s popular in the animation, gaming, and visual effects industries.
  • SketchUp: - This is a user-friendly 3D modeling tool, particularly popular for architectural design and interior design projects.
  • Fusion 360:- A cloud-based 3D CAD tool used in product design and mechanical engineering, combining CAD, CAM, and CAE features.





    GIMP

    Overview: - GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is a free, open-source image editing software that serves as a powerful alternative to Photoshop. It is widely used by graphic designers, photographers, and digital artists, offering a wide range of features for both basic and advanced image manipulation.


    Key Features

  • Comprehensive Editing Tools: - GIMP provides a suite of tools for tasks like photo retouching, image composition, and creating digital artwork. You can use it for tasks such as color correction, cropping, resizing, and fine-tuning images, as well as more advanced techniques like layer blending, texturing, and masking.
  • Layers and Masks: - Similar to Photoshop, GIMP supports layers, which allow you to work non-destructively and make complex edits. You can create multiple layers for different elements of your image and use masks to selectively edit or hide parts of a layer.
  • Custom Brushes and Plugins: -GIMP allows users to create or import custom brushes and filters, making it versatile for different artistic styles and projects. It also has a strong community of developers who create plugins and extensions to enhance functionality, such as for adding new effects or improving workflows.
  • Advanced Features:- GIMP supports advanced tools like path creation, advanced selection techniques, gradients, and color channels, making it suitable for detailed and precise image manipulation. It also has support for HDR imaging, layer groups, and built-in filters.
  • Cross-Platform Compatibility: - GIMP is available on Windows, macOS, and Linux, which makes it accessible to a wide range of users on different platforms. It’s fully open-source, which means anyone can contribute to its development or customize it according to their needs.
  • Extensive File Support:- GIMP can handle a wide variety of image formats, from popular ones like JPEG, PNG, and TIFF to specialized formats like PSD (Photoshop’s native file format). This makes it easy to work with files from other design software.
  • Learning Curve: - While GIMP has a similar interface to Photoshop, it can take some time to get used to, especially if you're transitioning from Adobe’s ecosystem. However, there are many tutorials and resources available, thanks to its large user community.
  • Free and Open Source: - GIMP is completely free to download, use, and modify. Being open-source means it’s continually updated by a community of contributors who work on bug fixes, new features, and improvements. It’s a great option for those who need powerful image editing software without the cost of a subscription.





    Raster and vector graphics

    Overview - Raster and vector graphics are two different types of image formats used in digital graphics. They each have distinct characteristics, and understanding the differences between them is crucial for choosing the right approach for various design tasks.

    Raster graphics

    Overview: -Raster refers to images composed of pixels, like a photo taken from a phone, camera. When zooming in on a raster image, the quality starts to degrade because it is made up of pixels.


    Key Features: -

  • Resolution-dependent: - Raster images have a fixed resolution (measured in pixels per inch, or PPI). If resized too much, the image loses detail.
  • File types: Common formats include JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP.
  • Best for: - Detailed images like photographs, textures, or artwork that require subtle color changes.
  • Editing: - Modifying a raster image can be more difficult because editing involves manipulating individual pixels.


    Raster file formet's -
    JPEG
    GIF
    PNG
    TIFF
    PS

    Vector graphics

    Overview: - Vector images are created using lines, shapes, and paths. Anything made from lines, shapes, or paths is considered a vector. Examples include logos, artwork, and icons. The benefit of vector images is that no matter how much you zoom in, the quality remains intact, and they can be easily printed in high quality. These images are typically created using specialized software.


    Key Features:

  • Resolution-independent: They can be resized to any dimension without any loss of quality.
  • Best for: Logos, icons, illustrations, and any design work that requires clean lines and scalability.

  • Editing: Vector images are easier to modify, as you can adjust shapes, colors, and sizes without affecting quality.

    Vector file formet's -
    PDF
    EPS
    AI
    SVG



    An example of the difference between vector and raster graphics





    2D Design

    For 2D design, I used Inkscape because it's powerful, open-source, and packed with versatile tools that make vector graphic creation easy. It allows me to create detailed illustrations, logos, and complex designs with precision, and its support for various file formats makes it compatible with other design software. The intuitive interface, combined with features like layers, nodes, and gradients, gives me full control over my projects. Plus, the community support and regular updates ensure that it stays relevant and up-to-date with the latest design trends.

    First, I opened Inkscape and selected a new document.

    Next, I added a rectangle to the workspace.


    After the rectangle, I added a circle.

    Then, I dragged and dropped the circle into the rectangle.


    After that, I copied the added circle and pasted it in front of the pervious circle. Using the shortcut Ctrl + Shift + A, I accessed the alignment options and centered the circle.

    Next, I selected the text tool and wrote a name inside the rectangle.


    After writing the name, I changed the font style of the text.

    Then, to save the design, I opened the File menu and clicked on the "Save As" option.


    After selecting the "Save As" option, I chose the DXF format for the file and saved it to the device





    Xn Convert For Resize Images

    I used XnConvert to resize the images because it is open-source, user-friendly, and highly efficient for batch image processing. It supports a wide range of image formats and offers various editing features like resizing, cropping, and format conversion. Its simple interface and fast processing make it an excellent choice for handling multiple images quickly and effectively.



    Resizeing Process



    First visit Xn Convert offical website - "https://xnconvert.en.softonic.com" Then download it and install on your device.


    Open Xn convert software


    Go to "add file" and select images & Folders from the device and press"Open"


    Now image is uploaded on Xn Convert


    Now click to "Add Action" and the measurement like - width,Height etc. and select "Reduse only" in background/Reduce option


    Now again go to "add Action" and click on "Image" option and select "Resize"


    Then go to Output - settings and adjust the quality of the image and press "Ok" then click on "Convert"


    Finally photo is resized and saved on the device.




    3D Design

    For 3D design, I used SolidWorks because it specializes in parametric design, which is ideal for creating precise, detailed, and highly customizable 3D models. The parametric approach lets me easily modify designs by adjusting dimensions, automatically updating the entire model accordingly. It’s perfect for designing both simple and complex parts, assembling them into comprehensive systems, and simulating how they will function in real-world conditions. SolidWorks also offers powerful tools for stress analysis, motion simulation, and fluid dynamics, enabling me to test the performance of my designs before physical production. Additionally, its compatibility with other engineering software and the extensive library of materials and components streamline the design process. This makes SolidWorks an essential tool for creating everything from prototypes to full-scale industrial designs with a high degree of accuracy and efficiency.

    STEP 1:

    First, I open SolidWorks, then click on the "Sketch" option to create a sketch. I started sktch with circle

    STEP 2:

    After that, I clicked on the "Smart Dimension" option in the selected sketch and started dimensioning the circle.


    STEP 3:

    Next, I created a smaller circle inside the larger one for the hole and set its dimension. I drew a line next to the smaller circle to cut the outer part.

    STEP 4:

    I needed 4 circles and 4 outer cuts for my design. To do this, I clicked on the "liner sketch pattern" option and chose the second setting. Then, I entered the number 4 for circles which automatically generated 4 small circles


    STEP 5:

    With the same process of STEP 4, I entered the number 4 for outer cut which automatically generated 4 outer cut in the design.

    STEP 6:

    Next, I used the Smart Dimension option to set and fix the positions of the circles and outer cuts.


    STEP 7:

    After that, I clicked on the "Features" tab to switch the design to 3D, selected the "Extruded Boss/Base" option, and converted the design into 3D.

    STEP 8:

    Now, I needed a hole in the center of the design, so I clicked on "Add Sketch," drew a circle, and set its dimensions.


    STEP 9:

    After creating the circle, I needed to make a hole in centre of the design. To do this, I selected the "Through All" option from the Features tab, which created a hole in centre of the design.

    STEP 10:

    After that, the design was fully completed and ready. All the necessary features, such as the circles, outer cuts, and the hole, were properly set, and the design was successfully converted into 3D.



    STEP 11:

    Measurement specifications for the final design




    Download Original File's

  • Inkscape files

    • 1. 2D design in "dxf" formet here

    2. 2D design in ".svg" formet here



  • Solid work files

    • 3D Design in SLDPRT formet here