WEEK 7: Computer Controlled Machining
Assignment
make (design+mill+assemble) something big (~meter-scale)
CNC Wood Router
A CNC (Computer Numerical Control) Wood Router is a precision machine used for cutting, engraving, and shaping wood, MDF, plywood, and other materials. It is widely used in furniture making, cabinetry, and artistic woodworking.
Technical Specifications
-> Working Area: Varies based on model (e.g., 600x900mm, 1200x2400mm, etc.)
-> Spindle Power: 1.5kW to 6kW
-> Spindle Speed: 6,000 - 24,000 RPM
-> Control System: Mach3, DSP, NC Studio, or other CNC controllers
-> Motor Type: Stepper or Servo motors
-> Voltage Requirement: 220V/380V
-> Table Type: Vacuum or T-slot table for material holding
-> Cutting Speed: 10 - 30 m/min (depending on material and spindle power)
Safety Precautions
-> Wear appropriate safety gear (goggles, gloves, and ear protection).
-> Ensure proper grounding of electrical components.
-> Avoid placing hands near the spindle while in operation.
-> Use dust extraction systems to prevent accumulation of wood dust.
-> Follow emergency stop procedures in case of malfunction.
Working Principle
The operation of a CNC wood router begins with designing a digital model using CAD/CAM software. This design is then converted into machine-readable G-code, which dictates the toolpath. The workpiece is securely fixed onto the router table, ensuring stability during the cutting process. Once initiated, the CNC router follows the programmed paths, using its high-speed spindle to precisely cut or engrave the material. The final stage involves inspecting the finished product and removing any excess material to achieve a refined and polished outcome.
Applications
-> Cabinet making
-> Wood carving and decorative engravings
-> Sign making and lettering
-> Furniture production
-> Musical instrument manufacturing
ONSHAPE
Onshape is a cloud-based CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software used for 3D modeling, product design, and engineering. Unlike traditional CAD programs, Onshape runs entirely in a web browser, allowing real-time collaboration, version control, and access from any device. It is widely used in mechanical design, prototyping, digital fabrication, and education.
Application
1. 3D Modeling – Create parametric models of parts and assemblies.
2. 2D Drawings – Generate technical drawings for manufacturing.
3. Collaboration – Multiple users can edit designs in real-time.
4. Version Control – Track design history and restore previous versions.
5. Simulation & Analysis – Perform stress analysis and motion studies.
6. Integration with CAM & Laser Cutting – Export DXF/DWG files for fabrication.
Assignment
Digital Fabrication - Book Case
This document outlines the process of designing, milling, and assembling a meter-scale bookcase as part of the Fab Academy individual assignment. The goal is to create a functional and aesthetic furniture piece using CNC milling without fasteners or glue while incorporating curved surfaces for extra credit
Design Process
-> Software Used: Onshape
-> Concept: A modular bookcase with interlocking joints to eliminate the need for fasteners or adhesives.
-> Dimensions:
- Height: 1m
- Width: 0.9m
- Depth: 300mm
- Material Thickness: 30mm
The parametric construction kit was designed using Onshape.
Sample Screenshots of Design
Assembly View
2D View
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