Week 6 Electronics Design

This week I will start studying electronic design, which will be another great challenge for me, learning to draw a circuit board through video tutorials, designing an embedded microcontroller to use sound to control lights, which is really interesting.

Learning Objectives

• Group assignment:

  • Use the test equipment in your lab to observe the operation of a microcontroller circuit board (as a minimum, you should demonstrate the use of a multimeter and oscilloscope)

• Individual assignment:

  • Select and use software for circuit board design
  • Demonstrate workflows used in circuit board design

Group Assignment

The main task has been completed: using the VICTOR 270 oscilloscope to test the waveform of an LED controlled by a button, and using the VICTOR VC 890C multimeter to measure the corresponding current and voltage values.

1.1 VICTOR 270 Oscilloscope

🔍 Introduction

The VICTOR 270 is a compact, handheld digital oscilloscope with a bandwidth of 70 MHz.

User Manual

✨ Key Features:

• Bandwidth: 70 MHz
• Sampling Rate: 250MSa/s
• Display: Color TFT screen
• Single-channel operation
• Built-in waveform measurement tools
• Rechargeable battery
• Portable design

🛠 Basic Usage Tutorial

1. Power on the device by pressing and holding the power button.
2. Connect the probe: GND clip to ground, probe tip to the signal point (e.g., an Arduino pin).
3. Set the probe to 1X mode and ensure the oscilloscope input matches.
4. Adjust V/Div (voltage per division) to scale the signal properly, e.g., 2V or 5V/div.
5. Adjust Time/Div based on signal speed — start with 10ms/div for button press waveforms.
6. Use Trigger settings (edge trigger, CH1, ~2.5V) to stabilize the waveform.
7. Observe the waveform and use measurement tools if needed (frequency, voltage, duty cycle).

1.2 Using VICTOR 270 Oscilloscope to Test an LED Controlled by Button

🔧 Objective

Use the VICTOR 270 handheld oscilloscope to observe the waveform of an LED controlled by a button on Arduino UNO.

🔌 Circuit Overview

Component	Arduino Pin	Description
Button	D2	Using internal pull-up; press to LOW
LED	D13	With resistor to GND

📍 Test Points

Test Point	Why	Expected Waveform
D10 (LED output)	✅ Best choice: shows output waveform	HIGH (LED ON) ↔ LOW (OFF) square wave
D2 (button input)	Optional: input signal	LOW when pressed ↔ HIGH when released

⚙️ Oscilloscope Settings

• Probe: CH1 to D10, GND clip to Arduino GND
• Voltage (V/Div): 5V/div
• Time (Time/Div): 20ms/div to 100ms/div
• Trigger: Edge trigger, rising or falling, CH1, level ~2.5V
• Probe setting: Set to 10X on both probe and scope

📈 Waveform

When button is pressed, D10 goes HIGH (LED ON); released, goes LOW (LED OFF).

5V ─────────┐       ┌────────────
        └───────┘
0V
    

1.3 VICTOR VC 890C Digital Multimeter

📖 Introduction

The VICTOR VC 890C is a professional-grade digital multimeter capable of measuring voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, temperature, frequency, and more.

User Manual

✨ Key Features:

• DC/AC Voltage Measurement
• DC/AC Current Measurement
• Resistance, Capacitance, and Diode Testing
• Frequency and Temperature Measurement
• Auto-ranging and Manual Range Modes
• Backlit LCD display
• Data Hold and Buzzer Continuity Test

🛠 Basic Usage Guide

1. Turn the rotary switch to the desired measurement mode (e.g., V for voltage, A for current).
2. Connect the black probe to the COM terminal.
3. Connect the red probe to the corresponding terminal:
   • VΩHz for voltage, resistance, frequency
   • mA or 10A for current (depending on expected range)
4. Ensure the measurement range is set correctly (use auto if unsure).
5. Apply the probes to the circuit points and read the value on the display.

Example

Measuring the voltage and current of the 5V pin on the Arduino UNO board using a multimeter.

Individual Assignment

1 What is electronic design？

1.1 Introduction

It refers to the process of planning, designing and realizing the circuit and its components in the development of electronic products. It involves hardware design (such as circuit schematic design, PCB design) and software programming (if embedded systems are involved). It is a key link to transform theoretical knowledge into practical and usable electronic devices.

Wikipedia.

1.2 Design process

Stage	Description
Requirement Analysis	Identify product objectives and functional requirements, and provide lighting to facilitate nighttime operations.
Scheme Formulation	Select the right materials and determine the design cost.
Schematic Design	Use EDA software (such as KiCad, Eagle) to draw circuit schematics, defining the electrical connections between components.
PCB Design	Complete PCB layout and routing in EDA software to ensure that both electrical performance and physical dimensions meet design specifications.
Prototype Fabrication	Utilize PCB manufacturing processes to produce physical circuit boards, proceed with component soldering and assembly to create a testable prototype.
Debugging and Optimization	Conduct functional and performance testing on the prototype, identify and resolve potential issues, optimize designs.
Production Preparation	Assemble the prototype according to the material and design.

2 EDA（Electronic Design Automation）

LC EDA is an online electronic design automation tool developed by a Shenzhen-based company specifically for circuit design and PCB design, providing a complete solution from schematic design to PCB layout. It is cloud-based, with a rich component library, powerful simulation capabilities, and integrated PCB design and manufacturing services to support team collaboration and resource sharing.

Procedure	Description task	Picture
Register an account	EDA official websitelceda website And create an account.
Create a project	After logging in to the Pro Edition, click the "New Project" button to create a project.
Draw the design schematic diagram	Refer to the learning video（Video reference）,use the built-in component library to draw the circuit schematic, add the necessary components and connect.
PCB layout	Generate PCB layout according to schematic diagram, adjust component position and route.

2 Button-controlled Dual-color LED

Button-controlled Dual-color LED is a simple yet practical project that demonstrates how to use a push button to toggle between two LED colors—red and green.

2.1 Circuit Connections

Connect the sensor as follows:

Pin	Description
VCC	5V
GND	Ground
S	Data Line D2

Pin	Description
Red	Data Line D8
GND	Ground
Green	Data Line D9

2.2 Arduino Code

#include <Wire.h>
    #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
    #include <OneWire.h>
    #include <DallasTemperature.h>
    
    // LCD setup
    LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
    
    // DS18B20 setup
    #define ONE_WIRE_BUS 2
    OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
    DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);
    
    void setup() {
      lcd.init();
      lcd.backlight();
      sensors.begin();
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print("Temp Monitor");
    }
    
    void loop() {
      sensors.requestTemperatures();
      float temperatureC = sensors.getTempCByIndex(0);
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print("Temp: ");
      lcd.print(temperatureC);
      lcd.print(" C ");
      delay(1000);
    }
    

2.3 Running & Testing