week 18 - Invention, Intellectual Property and Income

In the context of intellectual property, an invention is a novel and useful idea or creation that offers a new way of doing something or provides a new technical solution to a problem. Inventions can encompass a wide range of developments, including but not limited to:

1. New Products: Tangible items that did not previously exist, such as a new type of machinery, electronic device, or pharmaceutical drug.
2. Processes and Methods: Innovative ways of manufacturing products, conducting business, or treating medical conditions.
3. Compositions of Matter: New chemical compounds, materials, or compositions for various applications in fields like medicine, industry, or agriculture.

Inventions are primarily protected by patents. A patent grants the inventor exclusive rights to use, make, sell, and distribute the invention for a certain period, typically 20 years from the filing date, in exchange for publicly disclosing the details of the invention. This system aims to incentivize innovation by allowing inventors to recoup their investment and profit from their creativity and hard work.

To be eligible for a patent, an invention must generally meet three key criteria:

1. Novelty: The invention must be new and not known to the public before the filing date of the patent application.
2. Non-Obviousness: The invention must not be obvious to someone skilled in the relevant field based on existing knowledge.
3. Utility: The invention must be useful and have some practical application or benefit.

Inventions are a crucial component of intellectual property as they drive technological progress and economic growth. By protecting inventors' rights, the IP system encourages investment in research and development, leading to advancements that improve quality of life, enhance productivity, and address societal challenges.

Intellectual Property (IP) refers to the creations of the mind, encompassing inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, and symbols, names, and images used in commerce. IP is safeguarded by law through mechanisms such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks. These legal protections enable individuals to gain recognition or financial benefits from their inventions and creations. The IP system strives to balance the interests of innovators and the broader public, fostering an environment where creativity and innovation can thrive.

Patent
A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which can be a product or a process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. To obtain a patent, technical information about the invention must be disclosed to the public in a patent application.

Copyright
Copyright (or author’s right) is a legal term describing the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works. Works covered by copyright include books, music, paintings, sculptures, films, computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps, and technical drawings.

Trademarks
A trademark is a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises. Trademarks are protected by intellectual property rights.

Industrial Designs
An industrial design constitutes the ornamental aspect of an article. This may include three-dimensional features, such as the shape of an article, or two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines, or colors.

Geographical Indications
A geographical indication (GI) is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation due to that origin. For a sign to function as a GI, it must identify a product as originating in a given place.

Trade Secrets
Trade secrets are intellectual property (IP) rights on confidential information which may be sold or licensed.

In India, the registration of intellectual property rights is managed by different authorities based on the type of IP. Trademarks and patents are overseen by the Controller General of Patents, Designs, and Trademarks, under the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Copyrights are managed by the Copyright Office and Copyright Societies under the Government of India. Applications for registering intellectual property rights must be submitted to the respective authorities in the prescribed form. For more detailed information on the registration process in India, please refer to this link.

The term "open source" means that the resource files of a particular project are published publicly and are free to access. Linux is a prime example of an open source software or operating system, which can be obtained at no cost and does not require any licensing.

In my project, I am not using any patents, so I will not pursue patent filing. One reason for this is that Fab Academy projects are required to be open source. Below are some open source licenses that I learned about in the Fab Academy classes:

• Creative Commons License
• GPL License
• LGPL License
• BSD License
• MIT License
• Apache License
• FAB License

Based on my instructor's suggestions and previous documentation, the Creative Commons License is the most commonly used license for projects in the Academy. This license is comprehensive, considering all relevant aspects, and it offers various categories that can be selected based on specific application needs.

From libguides.longwood.edu

According to the Creative Commons License documentation, there are six combinations of licenses, listed from most to least permissive:

• CC BY
• CC BY-SA
• CC BY-NC
• CC BY-NC-SA
• CC BY-ND
• CC BY-NC-ND

The figure below illustrates these Creative Commons License combinations.

I picked the CC BY combination for my final project. This license allows people to freely share, modify, and build upon the work, as long as they give credit to the original creator, which in this case is me. The CC BY license permits both commercial and non-commercial use of the project.

To add the licence to the page,go to https://chooser-beta.creativecommons.org/ and complete the document. You can copy the html text and add it to your footer.

I added it to my final project week's footer.

fab teller © 2024 by muhammad nihal chettiyam veettil is licensed under CC BY 4.0. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

this is the OFFICIAL final week of fab academy. not getting time process it . we are busy building the final PROJECTS.