Electronics Glossary
I generated the following definitions from chatGPT for easier reference in the future.
- Electricity/Electron Flow: Electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor. Electron flow refers to the movement of electrons from the negative terminal to the positive terminal in a circuit.
- AC vs DC:
- AC (Alternating Current): Flows periodically in one direction and then reverses direction. Symbol: ~
- DC (Direct Current): Flows in one direction only. Symbol: ─|
- Electronics Circuit: A closed loop or pathway that allows electricity to flow, typically composed of components such as resistors, capacitors, and transistors.
- Ohm's Law: Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance between them. Mathematically, it is expressed as V = I * R.
- Resistance: Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in ohms (Ω).
- Voltage: Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit, measured in volts (V).
- Current: Current is the flow of electric charge, typically measured in amperes (A).
- Load: A load is a component or device within a circuit that consumes electrical energy.
- Polarity: Polarity refers to the positive or negative orientation of a voltage or a component in a circuit.
- Anode & Cathode: In electronic components such as diodes and batteries, the anode is the positive terminal, and the cathode is the negative terminal.
- Parallel vs Series circuit arrangements: In a parallel circuit, components are connected across the same voltage, while in a series circuit, components are connected in a single path.
- Resistor:
- Unit of measurement: Ohms (Ω)
- Symbol: Usually depicted as a zigzag line
- Function: Resistors limit the flow of electric current
- Common use: Controlling current flow, voltage division, and signal conditioning
![alt text](./images/electricity_explained.jpg)
- Conductance: Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance and measures how easily current flows through a material. Symbol: G.
Here is a short video that explains Conductance and conductivity.
- Capacitor:
- Unit of measurement: Farads (F)
- Symbol: Usually depicted as two parallel lines
- Function: Capacitors store and release electrical energy
- Common use: Filtering, timing, and energy storage in circuits
Here is a short video that explains Capacitor
- Diode:
- Symbol: Arrow pointing towards a line
- Function: Allows current to flow in one direction only
- Common types: Rectifier diodes, Zener diodes
- Common use: Rectification, voltage regulation, signal demodulation
Here is a short video that explains Diode
- LED (Light Emitting Diode):
- Symbol: Similar to a regular diode with two arrows pointing away from the diode
- Function: Emits light when current flows through it in the forward direction
- Common types: Through-hole LEDs, Surface mount LEDs
- Common use: Indicator lights, displays, and lighting applications
Here is a video that explains How LED works?
- Transistor:
- Symbol: Various symbols depending on the type (e.g., BJT, FET)
- Function: Amplifies or switches electronic signals
- Common types: Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), Field Effect Transistor (FET)
- Common use: Amplification, switching, and signal processing in circuits
- Regulator:
- Symbol: Usually depicted as a rectangle with three terminals
- Function: Maintains a constant output voltage regardless of input voltage fluctuations
- Common types: Linear regulator, Switching regulator
- Common use: Power supply stabilization, voltage regulation
- MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor):
- Symbol: Similar to a transistor but with an extra line connecting the gate
- Function: Controls the flow of current between the source and drain terminals using an electric field
- Common types: Enhancement-mode MOSFET, Depletion-mode MOSFET
- Common use: Switching and amplification in digital circuits
- Tactile Button:
- Symbol: Depicted as a button
- Function: Provides momentary contact when pressed
- Common types: Momentary push-button switches
- Common use: User interface controls, reset buttons
- Bypass Capacitor Circuit: A bypass capacitor circuit is used to shunt high-frequency noise to ground, preventing it from affecting sensitive components in a circuit.
- Low-Pass & High-Pass Circuits:
- Low-pass filters allow low-frequency signals to pass while attenuating high-frequency signals.
- High-pass filters allow high-frequency signals to pass while attenuating low-frequency signals.