15. WILDCARD WEEK¶

Assigment¶

Design and produce something with a digital fabrication process (incorporating computer-aided design and manufacturing) not covered in another assignment, documenting the requirements that my assignment meets, and including everything necessary to reproduce it. Possibilities include but are not limited to wildcard week examples.

I decided to make my Wildcard Week about composite based on bio-sourced materials. A composite material is a material and or a group of materials made of two or more materials that remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level while forming a single component.

I am working as a sustainabilty facilitator, especially in food technology and quality control. This week was experimental, yet I try to identify food waste characterization as bio-material for packaging or kitchen utensils (from waste to packaging and kitchen utensils) the sources that were useful to me, and what I learned through this. Our students and technicians (2 students and 2 technicians) who affiliated in my lab helped a lot to prepare this projects.

The reason to conduct this assignment based on the global problem, that 1.3 billions tons of food becomes waste every year (Gustavsson, 2011). Indonesia is the 2nd ranks of food waste’s producer about 7.5 million tons per year (Hunger Bank in Hidayat et al 2018). Starch is one of the most studied and promising raw materials for the production of biodegradable plastics (Woggum et al., 2015; Carissimi et al., 2018).

Dried-rice (solid food waste) in Indonesia is used-rices which have been separated with other food wastes can be reprocessed, through re-washing and re-drying. Carbohydrate content in the dried-rice sample obtained an average level of 8.31% and the carbohydrate content of native rice was 10.72% (Ariadi dan Anggriani, 2010).

The materials were used for bio-sourced, and could be found easily around us.

Materials that I used in this assignment :

Dried-rice (solid food waste)

Glycerin

It is used to reduce the intermolecular forces that can lead to an increase in the molecular space and mobility of the biopolymer. The more glycerin used, the higher the elongation value at breaking up the bioplastic will be.

Chitosan

Just like the addition of glycerin, the addition of chitosan can increase the value of tensile strength in bioplastics. The more chitosan added, the lower the tensile strength of the bioplastic.

Clam-shells and chicken-bones powder

As a filler to give a harder texture due to the presence of calcium carbonate and a small amount of phosphate.

Carrageenan

This material helps to bind dough made of sulfated linear polysaccharides of D-galactose and 3, 6-anhydro-D-galactose which are extracted commercially from the red seaweed class Rhodophyceae.

Aquadest

Aquadest is mineral water that has been processed by distillation (distilled) to obtain pure water (H2O) that is free of minerals as a solvent.

palm starch dregs

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Palm starch dregs is composed of lignocellulosic compounds consisting of 7.87% water, 14.21% lignin, 60.61% cellulose, 15.74% hemicellulose, 0.5689% reduced glucose, and 1% content of other materials. Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units via -1,4-glycoside bonds. This form of polymer allows the cellulose to stack or bond together to form very strong fibers. Hemicellulose is similar to cellulose, but is composed of various types of sugars.

Learning Process¶

I wanted to propose “from waste to valuable materials” concept. In this assignment, material for biodegradable packaging (bioplastics) were propose as one solution for enviromental awarness, as well as effort to reduce the amount of waste disposal non-degradable plastics.

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Documented how you made your creation¶

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Material Gathering

We collected the waste, graded and separated them from others materials, and classified to make easier in drying process and size reduction.

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Drying process¶

Sun-drying process (without oven)

Drying rice using sun drying takes 2-3 days, depending on the elevation of the sun and weather conditions. Dried products are lighter in color because the temperature is not too high.

Drying process using oven

Drying products with an oven is faster and more efficient to achieve the desired moisture content. The darker color occurs because of the high temperature during which it continuously causes a browning reaction in the carbohydrates content.

Size Reduction and Milling into Powder¶

then we mixed the material by using aquadest as solvent.

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I used our previous composition formula when working with my student for their final exam/reserach. This table below showed the composition of composite material, supporting material, and solvent.

Based on our trials, 32.5% dried-rice powder (solid waste), 35% palm-starch dregs, 5% clam-shell & bone powder, 7.5% glycerol, 6% chitosan, 4% carrageenan, and 10% aquadest had the best result for mechanical properties.

This table showed the percentage (weight per weight) of raw material as composite for biobased padding.

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Design Molding¶

I created molding using 3D printer to make PCB padding inside my device. I used them to to install bolts and some components to make it stronger and not easy to loosen.

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