2. Computer Aided design¶
During this week, I’m exploring software for both 2D and 3D design. I’ve been using CAD software since 2018, primarily focusing on AutoCAD. AutoCAD was the CAD program we studied in our first semesters at university. However, I later switched to Fusion 360 in 2019 and have been using it ever since due to its extensive functionality and user-friendly interface. In Fusion 360, I particularly utilize its CAD features for creating various toolpaths for my CNC machines. Now, in 2024, I’ve also started using Inventor for my larger scale projects with assemblies.
Research¶
As an introduction I asked ChatGPT to tell me: Differences between raster, vector, and 3D models:
This is what I got:
Raster Graphics:
Raster graphics consist of a grid of pixels, with each pixel containing color information. They are typically created using raster graphics software such as Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, or CorelDRAW. They are best suited for representing continuous-tone images like photographs. Common file formats for raster graphics include JPEG, PNG, BMP, and GIF.
Vector Graphics:
Vector graphics are based on mathematical equations that define shapes using points, lines, curves, and polygons. They are typically created using vector graphics software such as Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape, or CorelDRAW. They are ideal for representing geometric shapes, logos, and illustrations. Common file formats for vector graphics include SVG, AI, EPS, and PDF.
3D Models:
3D models represent objects or scenes in three dimensions, with height, width, and depth. They are typically created using 3D modeling software such as Autodesk Fusion 360, AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Blender, or SketchUp. They are constructed using vertices, edges, and faces, which define the shape and surface properties of the object. Common file formats for 3D models include OBJ, STL, FBX, and 3DS. Unlike raster and vector graphics, 3D models require rendering to generate 2D images from different viewpoints.
Fusion 360¶
For those looking to start with Fusion 360, an abundance of tutorials exists, each varying in quality. From my experience, the tutorials crafted by Lars Christensen stand out as exceptional resources. His YouTube channel offers comprehensive explanations for every tool within Fusion, making it easier for beginners to grasp the software’s intricacies.
Additionally, I highly recommend checking out Neil Cross’s channel, Tech3D. Cross’s tutorials provide invaluable insights into not only how Fusion operates but also the fundamental principles of 3D design. By leveraging these tutorials, aspiring designers can gain a deeper understanding of Fusion 360’s capabilities and develop essential skills for navigating the world of 3D modeling.
2020 documentation¶
In embarking on my final project, the first step was installing Fusion 360, a straightforward process. Upon launching Fusion, I grasped the necessity of creating a 2D sketch as the initial phase. Wanting my design to be parametric, I ensured that my sketch followed suit. This entailed navigating through the “Modify” menu, selecting “Parametric,” naming dimensions, and substituting numerical values with parameter names within the sketch.
Delving into 2D sketching,
Transitioning to 3D modeling, I used “Extrude” tool particularly indispensable. Initially, I rectified a misstep by creating a new sketch and extruding a rectangular shape, offset to 18mm thickness, suitable for the wood or MDF material I intended to use.
Proceeding, I crafted slots for the feeding plates, leveraging parametric sketches, offsets, fillets, and press-pull operations to achieve the desired outcome.
Having established the main body, attention turned to designing the feeding mechanism. This involved creating a new component, sketching the inner wall, and extruding accordingly.
Subsequently, I focused on modeling the pipes through which the feed would be dispensed. After sketching on a construction plane and extruding, integration with the main body and feeding mechanism was facilitated using directional extrusions.
Final touches included modeling the plates, cover, and the opening/closing valve components. These were executed through a sequence of sketching, extruding, and filleting operations.
To enhance the aesthetics, Fusion’s rendering workspace proved invaluable. Selecting textures and applying them via the appearance menu.
Vector¶
Inkscape is a widely-used open-source vector graphics editor, ideal for creating scalable 2D graphics, illustrations, and logos. Its intuitive user interface and extensive toolset make it a valuable asset for design tasks, particularly in conjunction with CAD software for 3D modeling projects. So here is the logo for feeder which i created in inscape
Final result is here
Raster 2024¶
Raster pictures, also called bitmap images, are composed of pixels containing color information. Popular formats include JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP. In contrast to vectors they can lose quality when scaled up.
Common programs for creating and editing raster images include:
Adobe Photoshop: Known for its extensive tools and features for image editing and digital painting. GIMP: A free and open-source alternative to Photoshop with similar capabilities. CorelDRAW: While primarily a vector graphics editor, it also supports raster editing. Affinity Photo: Competing with Photoshop, it offers professional-level photo editing features. Paint.NET: A lightweight, free raster graphics editor for Windows. Pixlr: An online photo editing tool available in both free and paid versions, offering features akin to desktop software.
AI is increasingly utilized for generating raster images, offering novel approaches to creating visual content. One prominent method involves Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), which comprise a generator and a discriminator network. The generator creates images from random noise, aiming to produce realistic outputs, while the discriminator evaluates these outputs for authenticity. Through adversarial training, the generator refines its ability to generate high-quality images that closely resemble real photographs. Indeed, several online tools harness AI for generating raster images, making creative processes more accessible and intuitive. These platforms typically offer user-friendly interfaces and leverage AI algorithms to assist users in generating and editing raster graphics. online AI generator.
Since my final project was a scooter I wanted to see how AI could imagine a wooden vespa.
My first promt was “wooden scooter like vespa” here’s what I got.
Next promt was “wooden scooter CNC made like vespa”
And finnally “wooden scooter CNC made using sectioning like vespa” here’s the masterpiece:
It was not too bad but I was expecting to get something close to my design and was a bit disappointed.
The next experiment I tried was to remove and replace backgrounds from images with AI.
I tried Remove.bg. You can start with this tool without registration although in order to download high quality images it wants you to sign in.
I used my picture from about menu.
As soon as you upload the image it removes the background right away. So it’s super quick compared to the tools I’ve tried in the past.
It has a nice library of backgrounds you can choose from. I liked this one the most. I look like a superstar.
Then I took one of my photos from 2020 with my scooter.
Her’s the removed background.
Here I’m at a modern architectural installation.
Here I’m on US Route 66.
And finally this is me with my scooter in a nice neighbourhood somewhere in Norway.
After signing up I was saddened by the fact that I can download only one high quality image after which I have to pay.
Here are the final versions
Vector¶
First I started with drawing a circle
Then while selected I clicked Path>>Object to Path this transforms the circle from an object defined by center and angle into a vector shape that is defined by nodes and enables you to apply vector operations and manipulations.
Next I went to Path>>Path Effects this opens up a tab at the right where you can browse great tools for working with paths(vectors).
From the tab I clicked the small down arrow at the right and chose Rotate copies.
With the circle selected, go to the top menu and click on Path. From the drop-down menu, select Object to Path. This transforms the circle from a basic shape defined by its center and radius into a path defined by nodes (points on the path) and segments (lines connecting the nodes).
With the path still selected, open the Extensions menu at the top. Hover over the Generate from Path option to reveal a sub-menu. In the sub-menu, select Rotate Copies. This opens a dialog box where you can configure the rotation settings.
In the Rotate Copies dialog box, you’ll see options such as: Number of Copies: Specify how many rotated copies of the path you want. Angle: Set the angle of rotation for each copy. For example, if you want 12 copies to form a full circle, set the angle to 30 degrees (360 degrees / 12 copies).Shift X/Y: Adjust the position of the copies relative to the original path.
After you click Apply, Inkscape will create the specified number of rotated copies of your original path. This is particularly useful for creating symmetrical designs, patterns, or complex shapes from simple paths. Further customization or adjustments, you can select the newly created paths and use other Inkscape tools and functions to fine-tune the design.
Conclusion:¶
This week’s exploration focused on both 2D and 3D design software, reflecting on my CAD journey since 2018. Transitioning from AutoCAD to Fusion 360 in 2019, I’ve found Fusion’s functionality and user-friendly interface invaluable, particularly for CNC toolpath creation. Additionally, delving into Inventor in 2024 has expanded my CAD capabilities for larger-scale projects.
Lars Christensen’s tutorials on Fusion 360 have been instrumental in deepening my understanding, alongside Neil Cross’s Tech3D channel, which offers valuable insights into 3D design principles.
Reflecting on my 2020 documentation, I recall leveraging Fusion’s features, from parametric 2D sketches to intricate 3D modeling, with Inkscape complementing the workflow for custom logo creation.
As I continue refining my skills, I’m eager to explore new software and tackle diverse design projects, driven by my passion for design and technology.
