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I discovered the work of Serge A. Wich and Lian Pin Koh via their website Conservation Drones.
This page summarizes graphically some of their work and explains what are conservation drones, when to use them and typical conservation missions.
For the interested readers, I put the corresponding chapter from their book [1].

Table of Contents

Conservation drones?

“Conservation drones are low-cost, autonomous, and operator-friendly unmanned aerial vehicles that can be used for surveying, mapping, and monitoring both habitat and biodiversity”, back cover of [1].
This page (of conservation drone website) gives a list of commercial drones that have been used for conservation missions.

Examples of conservation missions for drones

(Chapters 4, 5 and 6 of [1])


Surveillance (Maritime/Terrestrial)


Mapping


Animal detection


Anti-poaching efforts

Steps before flying conservation drones

(Chapter 1 of [1])

3.1 Consider if it is worth using drones.

Could the conservation mission be done with alternative technology:




Manned planes and helicopters


Satellites


Kites


Balloons and blimps

3.2 Choose a type of drone

Some examples of drones:





Multirotor


Fixed wing


Hybrid VTOL


Ornithopter

3.3 Check important parameters before the flights

Some examples of important parameters:





Terrain


Weather


High altitude flying


Landing area


Regulations

Some conservation projects using drones

Conservation Drones













Airshepherd

A UDS (UavDroneSolutions) company conservation project.





NERO

Networking Environmental RObotics

sun2ice

Sun2ice: when solar drones meet Arctic glaciers





References

1Wich, Serge A and Koh, Lian Pin, Conservation drones: mapping and monitoring biodiversity (Oxford University Press, 2018).