Embedded programming

Introduction

"Some experts define embedded programming as the dominant methodology for microcontroller programming. Essentially, embedded programming involves programming small computers that drive devices. In terms of its practical implementation, embedded programming is useful in the design of software for automotive features, small facilities-handling devices like thermostats, handheld games or other small devices."

This week our assignment is to:

Microcontroller

A microcontroller (MCU for microcontroller unit, or UC for μ-controller) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. In modern terminology, it is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a system on a chip (SoC); an SoC may include a microcontroller as one of its components. A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications consisting of various discrete chips. Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems. By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes. Mixed signal microcontrollers are common, integrating analog components needed to control non-digital electronic systems. In the context of the internet of things, microcontrollers are an economical and popular means of data collection, sensing and actuating the physical world as edge devices.

Step 1 - What is Atmega 328

Features

pin configuration

Block Diagram

Step 2 - Figure out how to program

"C is a general-purpose, high-level language that was originally developed by Dennis M. Ritchie to develop the UNIX operating system at Bell Labs. C was originally first implemented on the DEC PDP-11 computer in 1972. In 1978, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie produced the first publicly available description of C, now known as the K&R standard. The UNIX operating system, the C compiler, and essentially all UNIX application programs have been written in C."

Setting up "C " to computer

.exe. While I am instaling Min GW, I install gcc-core, gcc-g++, binutils, and the MinGW runtime. Added the bin subdirectory ofMinGW installation to the PATH environment variable, so that I can specify these tools on the command line by their simple names. Whent the installation is complete I can run run gcc, g++, ar, ranlib, dlltool, and several other GNU tools from the Windows command line. After all these I started writing litlle programs made many mistakes and tried again, this I call learning process. As I had no experiance in ambedded programming before (I only once programme Arduino), I decided to use Arduino software (IDE) as a programming environment. The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) - contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of menus. Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These sketches are written in the text editor and are saved with the file extension .ino. The editor has features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message area gives feedback while saving and exporting and also displays errors. The console displays text output by the Arduino Software (IDE), including complete error messages and other information. The bottom righthand corner of the window displays the configured board and serial port. The toolbar buttons allow you to verify and upload programs, create, open, and save sketches, and open the serial monitor.

Made some scetches for my project

After reading datasheet and some topics about the microcontroller I uanderstood that I chose the right chip.
• I went back to my board finished the design of it and started cutting it. Again I used SRM-20 milling masiche, 1/64 and 1/32 endmills, fabmodules.



After the cutting I solsdered the components on the board.


After I started writing my program, I installed Atmel Studio I used atmel-studio-7 for programming my microcontroller. I tried to write the program many times, when I finished I started trying program my board by AVR programmer. After it programmed from the first time, but had problems with programming. I reprogrammed the the board for many times untill got the necessary result. But the problem was in board the motor driver was demaged. If the light sensor send command " sunlight is strong" the motor started work and scroll down the shutter and stop by pressing the switch, shutter blind goes up, if it is dark and stop moving by getting the switch.

const int Up_Switch = 8;
const int Down_Switch = 9;
int value=0;
int Set_Point_up =650 ;
int Set_Point_down =400 ;
const int pResistor = A0;

Here you can download the programme and the board files

• Program 1
• Board
• Project
• Schematic
The video from the first testing.

• mnahapetyan@gmail.com